Agricultural transport machinery
I. Overview of agricultural transport machinery Agricultural transport is an integral part of the agricultural production process, and it is a link between all operations and a link between urban and rural material exchanges. With China's rural economy The deepening of the reform of the economic system and the development and development of agricultural transport vehicles have eased the tension in rural transport, dredged rural commodity circulation channels, and promoted the rural economy. It has played a positive role. The characteristics of agricultural transport are: strong seasonality, decentralized sources, small single-lift capacity, manual loading and unloading, short fortune, and poor road conditions. In addition to land transport, water transport also occupies a large proportion in rivers and lakes. t below), medium and low speed (50 km/h or less), intermediate technology, high passability, low cost and multi-functionality. There are three rounds of agricultural vehicles and four rounds of agricultural use Two major categories of transport vehicles. to make. Tires are divided into inner and outer tires and are rubber products. Its specification is 26 (one in 22), which means that the outside diameter of the tire is 26 inches and its section width is (22 1 in. inch high pressure tire. The frame part can be adapted to local conditions. The national standard GB3936.1-83 “Rubber wheel vehicle†stipulates the model specifications of the hand-push rubber wheel vehicle. The unicycle model is the JL325 and the two-wheeler model is JL650, where the specification is expressed in terms of the total length of the axle. . Most of the frames are wooden and there are also a small number of steel pipes. Tire sizes are 326 or 7.5-20, 326 are high pressure tires, and 7.5-20 are low pressure tires. Animal power There are two kinds of rubber wheel carts, two-wheeled and four-wheeled, with a carrying capacity of 2 tons. According to the size of the load with one to several animals. The traction device support of the tractor facilitates the traction performance of the tractor drive wheel. Its simple structure, light weight, and easy reverse parking are suitable for the field and Hilly area transportation. Shaft assembly, steering mechanism, suspension, traction frame, brake system, hydraulic subsequent unloading system and signal lighting circuit system. Hydraulic device It can be automatically dumped on the rear or left and right sides. To the organization, the unintentional rotation of the shaft is generally used. The turntable assembly consists of an upper turntable, a lower turntable, a stopper, and a steel ball, which makes the steering lighter and more flexible. . Suspension consists of multiple leaf springs of different lengths. The middle of the leaf spring is positioned and fixed with a central bolt, and the two sides are clamped with steel plates or U-bolts. before The lugs of the rear suspension are respectively connected with the hanging brackets of the turntable frame and the frame. There are pneumatic type, hydraulic type or mechanical type on the operating mechanism. Pneumatic brake system is generally used for general-purpose tractors with more than 15 kW wheel tractors The trailer, which is powered by compressed air, brakes the brakes. There are two types of braking methods: air supply control and air-off control braking. Hydraulic brake system For agricultural trailers with a carrying capacity of less than 3 tons, it is mainly composed of a brake pedal, a push rod, an oil reservoir, a master cylinder, a brake cylinder, a quick self-sealing joint, and a The drum and the brake shoe are composed of hydraulic oil to push the top rods at the two ends of the brake cylinder to disengage the brake shoes and brake the wheel brake drum to achieve hydraulic braking. Traction up to 775 Newtons, on-hook weight up to 49 to 85 kg. The ship is equipped with a diesel engine with a power of 5.9 to 8.8 kilowatts, and the ship is loaded with a weight of 20 tons. Speed ​​up to 6 ~ 8 km / hour, the maximum traction up to 1912 Newton, hanging paddle weight of 95 ~ 135 kg. There are also large tonnage fishing boats that are equipped with double-hanging paddles Complete trawl fishing, transportation and other operations. Large traction; good matching relationship between on-hook and oar paddles and agricultural vessels to achieve optimal efficiency and speed; transport operations and arrests on water When fishing or other operations, they can send their proper propulsion power. There are two types of diesel engines. The power is decelerated for the first time by the tape wheel, the shaft in the upper case, and the bevel gear. The middle axle tube part includes upper and lower bevel gears, The functions of the moving shaft, the intermediate shaft tube, and the bearing are the power transmitted from the upper case to the lower case, and then the bevel gear, clutch and reversing shift fork in the lower case. The second deceleration is performed for the propeller shaft and the like to reach the design speed of the propeller (typically 700 to 1000 rpm). Push the boat forward. The propeller of a fixed-pitch on-hook (or hanging paddle) is a blade that casts the paddle and hub together. The pitch of the blade cannot be changed and it is installed on the rear end of the paddle shaft. when When the joystick is toggled, lever the lever and the commutating shift fork, and toggle the clutch to engage with the left or right bevel gear, so as to drive the shaft to be fixed on the shaft. The propeller rotates forward or backward so that the ship can move forward or backward. A simple, small, on-hook machine does not rotate in the reverse direction. When it is set back, it turns the joystick 180 degrees. You can make the boat back. It is basically similar to a fixed pitch paddle (or on-hook), but the propeller and steering mechanism are different. Variable pitch propeller (or on-hook) propeller blades and The hub is manufactured separately and then the blades are mounted on the hub. In the device there is a paddle pitch change and rotation mechanism to change the pitch of the propeller to advance the ship , stop, back. When the blade is in the normal position, the propeller sends backward thrust to make the ship forward; when the blade rotates, the thrust decreases with the pitch. It decreases; when the pitch is zero, the boat stops advancing; when the pitch is negative, the propeller produces a forward thrust position and the boat retreats. Paddle rotation angle Usually between 45 degrees and 50 degrees. rudder. Some on-hook aircraft have no rudder, while others only have a small area of ​​rudder. Dead rudder is the rudder and propeller with the horizontal steering, very flexible operation, so that the ship turns. Three wheeled vehicles at 40 km/h. Prepare the product model, brand, as follows: The diesel engine specifications and power values ​​are collectively taken from the following values: Is 9. Serial number. Implementing the "Safety Benchmark for Agricultural Transport Vehicles", and the Ministry of Machinery Industry and the Ministry of Public Security issued a notice "Mechanoong [1993] No. 154" and issued "1993 The three-wheeled agricultural vehicle manufacturer and its product catalog." The transmission consists of an engine, a chassis (including a transmission system, a traveling system, a braking system, etc.) and a body. Supporting power is 4.4 to 7.4 kW (6 to 10 Horsepower) single cylinder horizontal diesel engine. Power is transmitted via the V-belt to the transmission of the chassis. Its layout is generally a longitudinal diesel engine front, rear wheel drive move. The clutch is a hand-held tractor dry double-acting clutch. Because the turbulence of the tricycle is small, the structure of the gearbox is relatively simple. single. chain). The rear axle consists of a differential assembly, a half shaft, and an axle housing. Large reduction ratio between large sprocket and small sprocket, generally about 3.5, through this Reduced speed, reduced speed, increased torque. For steel spoke wheels, the wheels are stamped spoke wheels. The suspension device is divided into front suspension and rear suspension. The front fork assembly is used to connect the front of the tricycle. The wheel and frame, at the same time, are part of the steering mechanism. The front fork is sleeve type and double helical spring is used as a cushioning device. Rear suspension consists of two components Some leaf springs and two sets of oblique thrust rods, the main role is to buffer, guide (guarantee the vertical axis of the rear axle axis to the body, to prevent running deviation ) as well as support and transmission. Steering is to change the driving direction of the tricycle through the driver's steering of the handlebars, and keep the tricycle running in a straight line. , Rear rod, return spring, cam, brake shoe, brake drum. The principle is the same as the aforementioned small four-wheel tractor. Need to stop or decelerate when the driver steps on Brake pedal (you must first step on the clutch pedal and reduce the throttle), through the brake lever, turn the cam, so that the brake shoe pressing on the brake drum, so that the wheel Slow down and stop. Vehicles with more than 50 km/h of four wheels (a single tire at the rear). It is used in rural areas. Unlike ordinary road transport vehicles, it has a lower speed and better passability on rural roads. Due to China's agricultural vehicles Most of them are produced by agricultural machinery, tractor manufacturing plants and individual township enterprises. At the beginning, they have some colors of the structure and performance of the tractor. In addition to In addition to the diesel engine, some tractor assemblies have also been used, which is also convenient for the tractor driver due to the low speed. Years of development, agricultural transport The car engine was developed from a horizontal single-cylinder machine to a vertical multi-cylinder machine; the power was developed from 9 to 11 kilowatts to 24 to 28 kilowatts. Drive system developed from belt drive to axle transmission The gearbox is generally (4+1) gear, the maximum speed is increased from 20 km/h to 50 km/h, and it has a complete suspension system and double-brake braking device . At present, the vast majority of domestic agricultural vehicles are 1.5 tons, followed by 1 ton, and the technical level and manufacturing quality are uneven. For this reason, under the Ministry of Machinery The task of developing a new type of agricultural transport vehicle was updated to update the existing agricultural transport vehicle. A new generation of agricultural transport vehicles - SY series agricultural vehicles transported through agricultural operations Transmission Sanyou Group and Jilin Gongda jointly developed in December 1989 through the ministerial appraisal put into operation. Series SY2815, SY2515, SY2015 Agricultural Transportation Transmission capacity is 28 kW, 25 kW and 20 kW, respectively, and the load is 1.5 tons. The reducer also designed and manufactured three interchangeable final drive gears with speed ratios of 7.16, 6.83, and 5.83, respectively, to suit the complex conditions of rural roads. The car is used for the adjustment, maintenance, and maintenance of the main components such as the engine of the flat-head agricultural transport vehicle, and a cab that can be tilted forward is manufactured. for In order to meet the need for tilting the front of the cab, a reversible splined sleeve double universal joint steering gear is also used. The 475, 485 and 490 and other 10 varieties are nearly 20 models with a power of 16 to 40 kilowatts, and some models have exceeded the power specified by the family car spectrum. Not more than 28 kilowatts and the speed is not more than 50 kilometers per hour. 5 Ply Earloop Face Mask,Earloop FFP2 Respirator,Earloop Disposable Respirators,Disposable FFP2 Earloop Respirator Henan Aklly Filter Engineering Co., Ltd , https://www.akllyfilter.com
Second, agricultural transport machinery and types (1) push plastic wheel vehicles, also known as the power car, there are two kinds of single-wheeled vehicles and two-wheeled small flat cars.
(2) Animal rubber carts, also known as carts or carts.
(3) Agricultural trailers, also known as agricultural trailers, are transport vehicles towed by tractors. There are several types of trailers, semi-trailers and dump trucks.
(4) Hangers and hung propellers for agricultural vessels, weighing engines with propellers, and propellers with separate engines and propellers.
(5) Agricultural vehicles are agricultural transport vehicles between tractors and cars. Its characteristics are diesel-powered, medium and small tonnage (1.5
Third, the structure and performance of various types of agricultural transport machinery (a) manual push rubber wheel pusher rubber wheel mainly consists of wheels, tires and frame three parts. Wheels consist of rims, spokes, caps, bearings, dust seals, axles, etc.
The standard also stipulates that rims, spoke lengths, caps, shaft bowls, shaft stops, single-axle shafts, wheel hubs, and double-axle shafts, etc., should have trademarks or manufacturer codes.
(II) Livestock rubber wheel carts Cartilage wheel carts are mainly composed of frame, axles, hubs, rims, tapered roller bearings, wheel nuts, dust caps, tires and brake mechanisms.
(c) Farm trailers
1. Semi-trailer single-axle and two-wheel semi-trailer are generally used with walking tractors, small four-wheel tractors and medium-power wheeled tractors. Part of the weight of the trailer
2. The trailers equipped with trailers and tipping trailers for large and medium-sized tractors are mostly trailers, and some are equipped with hydraulic dump systems. Hydraulic dump type trailer mainly consists of carriages, frames, wheels
The car is welded with profiled sheets. The frame is used to support the carriage, which is generally welded by two longitudinal beams and several cross beams. The turntable on the trailer is also called
Braking system, commonly known as the brake, is the necessary device to control the vehicle to slow down and stop. At present, brakes on farm trailers are mostly shoe type and belt type.
The factories that produce agricultural trailers mainly include Beijing Trailer Factory, Hebei Zhangjiakou Trailer Plant and Shanxi Yuci Trailer Plant.
(D) Hanging and hanging paddles for agricultural vessels
1. Requirements for hanging and hanging paddles for agricultural ships The power of the domestic fishing vessels is generally 2.2 to 2.4 kilowatts of diesel engines, and 1.5 to 5 tons of single ships are equipped. The full-vessel speed is 6.5 to 8 kilometers per hour.
The requirements for hangars and paddles used on agricultural vessels are: high work efficiency. When the engine is input with a certain power, it can make the ship reach a higher speed and produce more
2. Fixed-pitch hang-ups for agricultural vessels The fixed-pitch hang-ups are generally composed of engines, upper tanks, intermediate shafts, lower tanks, propellers and control mechanisms. Engine has air-cooled diesel engine and water cooling
The propeller is usually composed of two parts: the blade and the hub, and the blade is generally three-piece. When working, propel the water behind the boat and use the reaction force of water
3. Manual Variable-pitch Articulated Manually variable-pitch propellers are generally composed of an upper box, an intermediate shaft tube, a lower box, a propeller, and an operating mechanism. Upper box, middle shaft tube, lower box structure
The rudder is generally equipped with paddles for agricultural ships. The function of rudders is to obtain the maximum possible slewing moment and ensure the stability of the ship's course. The rudder has a live rudder and it also dies
The factories that manufacture paddles for hanging boats on ships mainly include Longhai County Power Machinery Factory and Jiangsu Taixian Agricultural Machinery Repair Factory.
(five) agricultural vehicles
1. Three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle The three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle is a diesel engine with a power of no more than 7.4 kilowatts (10 horsepower), a light weight of 500 kilograms, and a maximum speed of not more than 4,000 kilowatts.
(1) The rules for the preparation of product models for three-wheeled agricultural vehicles shall be in accordance with NJ89-74 "Numbering Rules for Agricultural Machinery Products" for the convenience of all kinds of three-wheeled agricultural vehicles.
1. The model of a three-wheeled agricultural vehicle consists of three parts: the category code of the product, the symbol of the item, and the main parameters.
Category Code Feature Code - Main Parameter
2. Category Code According to Article 13 of NJ89-74, the category code of the three-wheeled agricultural vehicle is 7Y.
3. The characteristic code is represented by 1 to 3 uppercase Pinyin letters. The meanings of the letters are as follows: J- with steering wheel P-steering steering Note: Directional steering, no cab, single function type are basic featureless code.
4. The main parameter of the main parameter consists of three digits. The first digit on the left is expressed as an integer near the engine power hour kilowatts, according to the actual matching
Type 175 diesel engine is represented as 5; Model 180 diesel engine is represented as 6; Model 185 diesel engine is represented as 7; Model 190 diesel engine is represented as 8; Model 195 diesel engine is represented
The second and third digits to the left are expressed as 1/10 of the rated load in kilograms:
The carrying capacity of 500 kg is expressed as 50; the carrying capacity of 750 kg is expressed as 75.
5, the improvement of major changes in the structure of the product should be added after the original model letter "A", such as a number of improvements, then after the letter A from 2 to start filling
6, model example
7Y-550 is a basic three-wheeled agricultural transporter equipped with a 175 diesel engine and a rated capacity of 500 kg.
7YJ-550 is a 7Y-550 type three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle with cab installed.
The 7YPJ-975 is a three-wheeled agricultural transporter with 195 diesel engine, 750 kg load capacity, steering wheel steering, and cab.
(2) Controlled production of three-wheeled agricultural vehicles In order to improve product quality and ensure the safety of driving, the Ministry of Public Security issued No. 12 on May 13, 1993.
(3) Structural features of the three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle The three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle has two specifications of 0.5 ton and 0.75 ton. 0.5-ton three-wheel transport
The rear axle of the three-wheeled agricultural vehicle transporter is generally a non-independently suspended integral structure, with a chain drive between the transmission and the rear axle (single row or double row sleeve roller
Walking system: The frame is welded with seamless square tube and angle steel and steel plate. The walking device consists of a front wheel assembly and a rear wheel assembly. Front wheel general
The brake system of the three-wheeled agricultural vehicle is the rear wheel brake, the front wheel has no brake mechanism, and the rear wheel brake mechanism is a cam-type structure. By brake pedal, main rod
2. Four-wheel agricultural transport vehicle The four-wheel agricultural transport vehicle means that the engine is a diesel engine, the power is not more than 28 kilowatts (38 horsepower), the load is not more than 1500 kilograms, and the maximum speed is not
(2) Structural features of the four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle The four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle is a kind of agricultural transport vehicle between the tractor and the light vehicle.
The SY series agricultural vehicles use two kinds of gearbox assemblies which can be used interchangeably, namely (4+1)2 composition gearbox and (4+1) gearbox. the Lord
At present, there are about 50 varieties of 1.5-ton four-wheeled agricultural transport produced in China, and the engines are equipped with 285, 290, 295, 2100, 390, and 3100.