Autumn Chinese Cabbage Middle and Late Fertilization Management
1 Light weight and weight before applying K fertilizer to Chinese cabbage Experiments have shown that the production of 1000 kilograms of fresh vegetables requires about 2 kilograms of pure nitrogen to be absorbed from the soil. The nitrogen needed for Chinese cabbage can come from soil, organic fertilizers and fertilizers, respectively. In the application of large amounts of organic fertilizer under the conditions should be appropriate to reduce the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Applying proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to photosynthesis, which is the key to achieve high yield of Chinese cabbage. In some remote areas, there may be insufficient supply of nitrogen fertilizer, thin and light leaves, and rough organization, which not only affects the yield but also the quality is not good. However, the actual amount of nitrogen applied in production in most areas exceeds the demand. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only makes the outer leaves of the cabbage thicker, has a poorer core, and has a low yield and quality, but also has a large water content in the leaves and is not resistant to storage after harvesting. It is rotted and susceptible to pests and diseases in the late growth stage. Therefore, in addition to the appropriate amount, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is also important. During the entire growth period of Chinese cabbage, the amount of nitrogen absorption at different stages is different. The seedling period is very small, accounting for about 2% of the total. During the rosette period, nitrogen increased to about 28%, and the nitrogen uptake during the filling period was the highest, accounting for about 70% of the total. Therefore, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be light and heavy. The Chinese cabbage has a long growing period. Fertilizer management should be applied to the base fertilizer. In the old vegetable fields, the soil fertility is high, and organic fertilizer can be applied in an appropriate amount. The compound fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium. In the new vegetable plots, it is necessary to re-apply organic fertilizers with the application of ternary compound fertilizers, but also pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers and potash fertilizers. In top-dressing applications, Chinese cabbage should control water-control fertilizers (mainly nitrogen control) from the seedling stage to the group planting stage. In addition to the special circumstances to raise the seedlings, it is generally necessary to plant seedlings during the rosette period, and the first is an assimilation organ on the ground (outer leaves). Strong growth; Second, to promote root growth and lower bar, for the rapid growth of late and absorb a lot of nutrition to lay the foundation. The first time dressing is at the critical moment of the rosette period. It is advisable to apply topdressing nitrogen and potassium fertilizers at the same time, and at the same time, water and fertilizers enter the heart-filling period. The second topdressing of Chinese cabbage is in the early and middle period of Baoxin, and the main nitrogen fertilizer is topdressed up to two times to control the amount of nitrogen. The application of nitrogen fertilizer was stopped late in the contraction. To increase the proportion of application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers The increase of potassium fertilizer in basal fertilizer and top dressing is beneficial to the cabbage's core and disease resistance. Pay attention to the application of potash fertilizer in the top-dressing of the pre-harvest period, and if the supply of phosphorus and potash is insufficient during the cabbage period, it will be difficult to make the ball. At present, potassium fertilizer is often neglected in vegetable production. The appropriate amount of potassium is generally 12 kg per mu of potassium chloride or 16 kg of potassium sulfide. The best method of application is to divide the basal and topdressing fertilizers in two applications. The basal fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the burrows at the time of colonization. The topdressing is performed after the seedlings are terminated in the rosette stage and combined with nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation. Pay attention to the supply of calcium The use of calcium superphosphate in the basal diet supplements calcium nutrition, which is beneficial to the prevention of the occurrence of Chinese cabbage "dry heart-burning" disease. Cabbage is a calcium-bearing crop. Calcium deficiency, especially over-application of nitrogen, can easily cause "dry heart-wounding" disease. 2 The critical period of fertilization for Chinese cabbage Chinese cabbage from the species to the harvest of vegetables, generally experience the germination period, seedling stage, rosette stage, ball stage and other vegetative growth stages. Top dressing mainly in the rosette period, the early period of Baoxin, and the middle period of Baoxin, and mainly in the early period of Baoxin. Chinese cabbage is prone to calcium deficiency and "dry-heart-burning" occurs. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive prevention and control through rational irrigation, fertilization, prevention of soil salinization, and spraying foliar fertilizers such as calcium chloride and calcium nitrate. During the seedling stage, fine soil preparation and moderate water and fertilizer management are needed to prevent the soil from cracking and damaging the young roots and defertilizing the fertilizer. According to the characteristics of different growth periods, pest control and pay attention to appropriate harvest. 3 cabbage how to treat magnesium deficiency deficiency In the absence of boron, borax-borrowed cabbage will show petiole basal and dorsal carpels at the nodule stage with small black spots on the leaves. If there is a lack of boron at the seedling stage, the new leaves will be deformed, and the leaves will be small and thick, which will cause severe growth point necrosis. Cabbage cabbage is more sensitive than rapeseed. Therefore, 0.3-0.5 kg of borax was applied per acre when planting; Boron deficiency appeared in the early stage of Chinese cabbage cabbage, and the leaves were sprayed twice with 0.1% borax solution. Magnesium deficiency in magnesium deficiency is also more common, but it is most common in plots that lack potassium and potassium. The main feature is the yellowing between the old veins at the beginning of the game, resulting in the best treatment for non-balling or soft-balling. Foliar spraying is performed with a concentration of 1%-2% magnesium sulfate solution. The deficiency of Chinese cabbage is generally due to the imbalance of nutrient content. Therefore, it is recommended that everyone apply the balanced application as far as possible during fertilization to improve the nutrient structure of the soil and avoid the occurrence of deficiency symptoms. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of fertilization during fertilization. Li Wei 4 late cabbage comprehensive management Follow-up ball fertilizer to recover 15 kg of urea per mu plus 7-8 kg of potassium sulfate, after the topdressing are required to carry out slow flood irrigation or furrow irrigation, so that the water from both sides of the worm infiltration, not over the sampan surface. Another time in the middle of the ball, it was called "padding ball fertilizer" and applied urea 8-12 kg per acre. Foliar fertilizer can also be sprayed, with 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sprayed every 7-10 days, a total of three sprays, spray time after 5 pm is better. Reasonable watering This period keeps the soil moist, and it is beneficial to the growth and absorption of the root system. It is easy to damage the root system when it is dry and damp. Water is usually poured 5-7 days, and irrigation is stopped 10 days before harvest. In order to avoid excessive water content of the leaf ball, it is not resistant to storage. Pest control aphids can be sprayed with 50% anti-inferiority WP 3000 times solution or 10% imidacloprid 2000 times solution; Pieris rapae, Spodoptera litter can be treated with pyrethroids + phoxim; bollworm can be used avermectin + sin Sulphur or Citaibao + chlorpyrifos prevention, prevention and treatment cycle is appropriate for 7-10 days. The main diseases for prevention and control of diseases are soft rot, downy mildew, and viral diseases. Soft rot is a bacterial disease that occurs from the rosette stage to the heart-wrapping period. The pathogens invade the base of the vegetables, the petiole, the leaf margin, and the tip of the leaf bulb. Downy mildew is a fungal disease that is susceptible to disease from the seedling stage to the ball stage. Viral diseases are spread with locusts and other viruses. At the time of onset, the veins of the heart and the leaves of the seedlings turn green, causing uneven patches of green mottled or floral leaves; the leaves of adult plants are severely shrunken, hard and brittle, and often have many small brown spots. Necrotic stripe spots, the plants were significantly dwarfed. Prevention and control: Aphid prevention and control at the seedling stage, virus disease at the beginning of the disease with 20% of the virus A WP 500 times or 500 grams of virus Baccarat or 1.5% of plant disease Ling 1000 times control, 7-15 days, a total of 2 spray 3 times; downy mildew can be sprayed with 25% thiophanate-methyl 600-800 times, 75% chlorothalonil 500 times; soft rot, black rot with neemectin 4000 times or 72% agricultural streptomycin Soluble powder 3000 times control, spray 10-15 days, even spray 2-3 times. In the case that the bundled dish is not true to the ball, it must be 5-10 days before the harvest (in late October). The sheaf affects the yield prematurely and the sheaf is susceptible to freezing damage. When the Chinese cabbage leaves are harvested in time, the average temperature drops to 5°C on that day, and they are harvested when they are harvested. Generally, they are harvested in the first few days of the solar season.
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