What should I do if the watermelon is not harvested?

"Watermelon is the most fearful of heavy watermelons, and grafts that are not grafted are generally carried out for more than 7 years. It is inevitable that watermelons that are not grafted will be very serious." Wang Chongqi said that the local watermelon production is not high.

Wang Chongqi said that watermelon grafting cultivation technology can use the rootstock varieties to resist soil-borne diseases, solve the difficulties of rotation in the main producing areas after many years of cultivation, overcome the heavy obstacles, and generally increase production by 30%-40%.

Rootstock selection is critical

The requirements for watermelon grafting on rootstocks are: First, the symbiotic affinity for grafting with watermelon is strong. Second, it is highly resistant or immune to watermelon wilt and does not infect other diseases of watermelon. Third, there is little or no adverse effect on the quality of watermelon fruit. Fourth, it can significantly enhance the growth of watermelon, but it does not cause growth. Fifth, it can significantly enhance the resistance of watermelon. At present, the rootstocks used in watermelon grafting mainly include gourds, pumpkins, melons and melons. These kinds of rootstocks have different influences on watermelon and the range of application, and should be carefully selected.

From the perspective of disease resistance, pumpkin rootstock has the strongest ability to resist melon wilt. Using it as a rootstock can effectively prevent watermelon wilt; from the impact on the quality of watermelon, it is better to use gourd and squash, after grafting The quality of watermelon is stable; the calcium and magnesium content of watermelon in pumpkin anvil is higher, but the crude fiber is also more, which makes the melons harder and the melon skin thicker. The sowing date of grafted watermelon is 5-7 days earlier than conventional cultivation. In the plugging method and the splicing method, watermelon is sown for 5 to 7 days later than the rootstock or when the rootstock seedlings are unearthed. In the double root grafting method, watermelon is sown for 2 to 3 days later than the rootstock.

Rootstock and watermelon seeds are soaked and germinated. When the two cotyledons of watermelon have just been unfolded but not fully flattened, the first true leaves of the rootstock seedlings appear to be completely flattened for a suitable period of grafting. The seedbed is watered before grafting, and the rootstock, scion and surrounding environment are disinfected with 500-700 times carbendazim solution.

There are three methods of grafting.

Wang Chongqi senior agronomist pointed out that the current grafting technique of watermelon is divided into the following three methods: Plugging method: the tip of the bamboo stick is placed close to the inner side of the root of the rootstock of the rootstock, and inserted obliquely below the other cotyledon, the insertion depth is about 0.5 cm. Do not wear the rootstock of the rootstock. Use a blade to enter the knife from about 0.5 cm below the cotyledon of the watermelon, and cut a knife downward on each of the opposite sides. The cut surface is 0.5 to 0.7 cm long and the knife edge is smooth. After the scion is cut, the bamboo stick is removed from the rootstock and inserted into the scion. The depth of the insertion is equal to the cut and the root of the rootstock. The wedge shape cut by the scion is required to match the size and length of the rootstock socket.

Splicing method: When grafting, the rootstock seedlings remain in the nutrient bowl, and the growth point is shoveled off with a bamboo stick, and then the blade is used from the growth point on the side of the hypocotyl, and the length is 1 to 1.5 cm from top to bottom. Incision, the depth of the incision is 2/3 of the hypocotyl diameter (be careful not to pry the hypocotyls completely, otherwise the rootstock cotyledons are drooping and difficult to fix), then the watermelon seedlings are cut from the base, and the hypocotyls are cut with a blade. The knife has a surface of 1/3 of the hypocotyl with the lower epidermis, and the other 2/3 of the surface is wedge-shaped. Finally, insert the side of the scion with the epidermis facing outward, insert the rootstock incision, and then secure it with the clip.

Double root grafting method: the rootstock is germinated on the day before grafting, and water is poured 0.5 to 1 hour before grafting. Watermelon seedlings should be sprayed with water when grafting. Before cutting, the seedbed in the living area should be disinfected and warmed up one hour in advance. Fix a worker to cut rootstock and watermelon seedlings. The rootstock was cut flat from 5 cm below the cotyledons, and the watermelon seedlings were reliably cut at the bottom. When grafting, use a special grafting tag to insert obliquely downward from the upper vertical cotyledon of the rootstock and take out the grafting tag. The depth is 0.5 cm to avoid the epidermis. The watermelon seedlings are cut flat under the cotyledons along the stalk direction. They should not be too thick. Then cut a knife at 0.5 cm and insert the rootstock quickly. After grafting, put it in a cardboard box to moisturize it. The common seedling substrate was used to fill the 72-well seedling tray, and after pouring the bottom water, the grafted seedlings were inserted and the cutting depth was about 3 cm. Immediately after cutting, put it into the seedbed of the living area.

Grafted management technology

Grafted seedlings should be planted with seedlings, and the small arch shed should be fastened. The grafted seedlings will be planted into the small arch shed immediately after the grafting, and the plastic film will be covered, and the grass will be covered with grass and the humidity will reach 90%-95%. . The daytime temperature of the seedbed is kept at 25-28 °C, no more than 30 °C, and 20 °C at night. After the grafted seedlings are basically alive (4 to 5 days after grafting), the night temperature can be appropriately reduced, kept at 15 °C, maintained at 28 to 30 °C during the day, and gradually ventilate the seedbed to reduce the humidity of the seedbed, which can be maintained at 65% to 75. %. Management of seedbed light: cover the shading at noon on the 2nd to 3rd day after grafting. When the light is weak in the morning and evening, the cover can be removed, so that the seedlings can receive the scattered light, and then gradually increase the light time and light intensity, and no longer shading after 7-8 days.

Wang Chongqi emphasized that after grafting, the lateral buds formed by the cotyledons of the rootstock should be removed in time to prevent the lateral buds from growing. If the cotyledons of the rootstocks of the grafted seedlings are robust and disease-free, they should be retained, otherwise they should be removed.

Prevention and control of pests and diseases after grafting

"Grafting mainly plays a role in preventing soil-borne diseases such as watermelon wilt. By simply relying on the disease-preventing effect of grafting, diseases such as blight and anthracnose will still cause damage to the growth and development of grafted seedlings." Wang Chongqi said, therefore, should be taken Comprehensive measures to prevent disease can ensure increased production and income. 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution, 70% mancozeb 800 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil 600 to 800 times solution, 25% metalaxyl 1500 times solution, 64% 1:7 cream · Manganese-zinc (anti-virus cockroach) 600-800 times liquid, 10% difenoconazole 2500-3000 times liquid, 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000-5000 times liquid. The insecticidal fungicides are alternately rotated and sprayed once every 7 to 10 days.

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