The difference and use of xenon lamps, xenon lamps and mercury lamps

The difference and use of xenon lamps, xenon lamps and mercury lamps
Gas discharge light source using the principle of gas discharge light source is made.
Light source structure: A tubular, spherical bulb is made of a material such as glass or quartz. Electrodes are installed in the bulb, and are filled with a gas for illuminating, such as hydrogen, helium, neon, krypton, xenon, or metal vapor, such as mercury, cadmium, indium, antimony, bismuth, and the like.
Gas discharge principle: The gas excites electrons and ions under the action of an electric field to become an electric conductor. Ions move toward the cathode, electrons move toward the anode, and energy is obtained from the electric field. When they collide with gas atoms or molecules, they will excite new electrons and ions, and the gas atoms will be excited, and the inner electrons will transition to high energy levels. When the excited electron returns to a low level, the photon is radiated.
First, the xenon lamp
Luminescence mechanism: The bulb of the xenon lamp is filled with high purity helium. When the xenon lamp is in operation, the cathode generates electron emission, and high-speed electrons collide with the helium atom, which excites the helium atom to produce a continuous ultraviolet spectrum (185-400 nm).
Application: Xenon lamp has high UV radiation intensity, good stability and long life, so it is often used as a continuous ultraviolet light source for various UV spectrophotometers; it is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV) ), atomic absorption spectrometer (AA) and capillary electrophoresis (CE).
two, Atomic spectrum lamp: hollow cathode lamp / element lamp
Luminescence mechanism: The atomic spectrum lamp is also called a hollow cathode lamp. The anode and the cylindrical cathode are sealed in the glass bulb, and the upper part of the bulb has a transparent quartz window. During operation, the window transmits a discharge glow, which is primarily the atomic spectrum of the cathode metal. The current density of the hollow cathode discharge can be more than 100 times higher than the normal glow. Although the current is large but the temperature is not high, the luminous spectrum of the light is not only strong but also has a small wavelength width.
Application: The main function of the atomic spectrum lamp is to extract the beam of the standard line, determine the spectral position of the standard line, and determine the characteristic wavelength in the absorption spectrum. It is mainly used in elements, especially in devices for spectral analysis of trace elements.
Third, mercury lamp
Classification of mercury lamps: low pressure mercury lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, ultra high pressure mercury lamps
Luminescence characteristics of mercury lamps: The higher the pressure of mercury, the higher the luminous efficiency of mercury lamps, and the emitted light is also excessive from the linear spectrum to the band spectrum.
Low pressure mercury lamp -- The mercury vapor pressure is 0.8 Pa, and the main radiation is 253.7 nm ultraviolet light. Commonly used in the wavelength reference of the spectrometer, UV sterilization and fluorescence analysis.
High-pressure mercury lamp - mercury vapor pressure is (1-10) * 10 5th power Pa. The visible region is banded and the infrared region is weakly continuous. Commonly used in ultraviolet irradiance standards, fluorescence analysis, UV detection and large area illumination.
Spherical ultra-high pressure mercury lamp - mercury vapor pressure is (10-20) MPa. The spectral line is wider, forming a continuous background, the visible area is bluish, and infrared radiation is enhanced. Often used as a point source for optical instruments, fluorescence analysis, and lithography.
four, Xenon lamp
Luminous material: æ°™.
Spectral characteristics: The spectral distribution is close to daylight, the color temperature is 6000K, the brightness is high, and the lifetime can reach 1000 h.
Classification of xenon lamps:
Ÿ Long arc Xenon lamp - the electrode spacing is 15 ~ 130 cm, thin tube shape, working pressure is 10 5 Pa, used for large area lighting such as docks, squares, stations.
短 Short arc xenon lamp——The electrode spacing is on the order of several millimeters and the working pressure is 1-2 MPa. It is a good daylight color point light source, which is often used in film screening, color photography, photoengraving, and simulated daylight.
氙 Pulsed xenon lamp—The gas pressure inside the tube is below 100 Pa. The high-voltage electric pulse excites to generate a light pulse, which emits a strong light in a very short time. Widely used in optical pumps, photoengraving, high-speed photography and optical signal sources for solid-state lasers.

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