Cell surprisingly discovered: Diabetes is related to mitochondria?
Release date: 2016-03-01 Glucose is an important source of energy for the human body. As we metabolize sugary foods, the level of glucose in the blood also rises. It is widely believed that blood sugar levels are mainly affected by insulin, liver and muscle. However, scientists at Yale University have found that mitochondria in brain neurons play a crucial role in systemic glycemic control. This study, published in this issue of Cell, can help people understand the development of type 2 diabetes. Mitochondria are energy plants within cells that provide the cells with the energy they need to perform their daily functions. Studies have shown that a subset of neurons in the brain can sense changes in blood sugar levels and then make adaptive changes. Moreover, this mitochondrial change plays a central role in the body's control of blood sugar. "When the body's blood sugar rises, the mitochondria of these neurons rapidly change their morphology, and their functions have changed," said Professor Sabrina Diano, senior author of the article. "This mechanism may be important for the development of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes." Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin or is resistant to insulin. Family history and unhealthy lifestyles increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. In recent years, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes in the world has risen sharply. The incidence of diabetes in China has also entered a period of rapid growth since 2000. The discoverer of DNA double helix, Nobel laureate James D. Watson published a cover article in the famous medical journal Lancet in 2014, proposing a new hypothesis on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Watson pointed out that diabetes, dementia, cardiovascular disease and some cancers are associated with insufficient production of biological oxidants (ROS). He also stressed that a better understanding of the role of physical exercise can help people effectively treat the above diseases. In June 2015, a microbiologist at the University of Iowa published an article in mBio that states that type 2 diabetes may be caused by bacteria, and that antibacterial drugs and vaccines are expected to be used for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that continued exposure to toxins produced by Staphylococcus can cause experimental animals to develop hallmark symptoms of type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and systemic inflammation. Type 2 diabetes and heart disease often occur simultaneously, and in recent years it has been found that these two diseases are associated with vitamin D deficiency. Scientists at the University of Washington published their research in the March 2015 issue of Cell Reports. Studies have shown that chronic inflammation causes insulin resistance and arterial plaque, which is the root cause of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, and vitamin D can prevent such inflammation. In addition, vitamin D deficiency can affect a key immune cell. Source: Biopass Analytical Instrument,Soil Nutrient Tester,Nitrogen Soil Tester,Digital Nitrogen Soil Tester Guangdong Widinlsa International Co.Ltd , https://www.widinlsas.com