How to prevent potato late blight
Recently, there have been continuous rainy days in many parts of our province, and the temperature has dropped. This period of time is coincident with the expansion of potato tubers. This weather is very conducive to the occurrence and epidemic of late blight, and the majority of farmers should do a good job of prevention and control as soon as possible. Late blight is a gas-borne fungal disease that mainly invades leaves, stems, and tubers. The main symptom of the leaves is that, first of all, a greenish hot green spot begins from the tip of the leaf, and a green halo surrounds the spot. When the humidity is high, the lesion quickly enlarges and a white floc-like layer, the pathogen, appears on the back of the leaves. When a central diseased plant occurs in the field, if it is not controlled in time, and the humidity is high, it will quickly spread to all fields with the air flow. Symptoms on the tuber are first light brown lesions, the lesions are slightly sunken, and when the humidity is high, white flocculosis is produced on the lesions. Infected by bacteria, tuber will appear rotten. If the soil moisture is small, the lesions are brownish and dry. After the general plant leaves are affected, the tubers will also be infected. The use of pesticides in field management requires observing whether or not the above symptoms are present in the leaves. If there is a central diseased plant, it is necessary to pay close attention to the use of chemical control. 72.2% of urea manganese zinc (Kelu) wettable powder can be used 600-800 times, 77% copper hydroxide (also known as chloramphenicol) can be 500-1000 times wettable powder, can also be 1:1:200 times Bordeaux fluid or 50% metalaxyl manganese zinc is treated 800-1000 times. In particular, if the incidence of disease in the field is heavy, the upper diseased leaves should be cut off 10 days before the harvest of the seed potato so as not to invade the potato stalks; the harvested seed potatoes must be air-dried and the diseased tubers must be strictly removed. In order to prevent the storage period caused by rotten pit and the second year to bring the bacteria to the field.
IV Infusion:
Intravenous simply
means "within vein" (or "inside the vein"). Therapies
administered intravenously are often included in the designation of specialty
drugs. Intravenous infusions are commonly referred to as drips because many
systems of administration employ a drip chamber, which prevents air from entering
the blood stream (air embolism), and allows an estimation of flow rate.
Intravenous
therapy may be used to correct electrolyte imbalances, to deliver medications,
for blood transfusion or as fluid replacement to correct, for example,
dehydration. Intravenous therapy can also be used for chemotherapy.
Compared with
other routes of administration, the intravenous route is the fastest way to
deliver fluids and medications throughout the body. The bioavailability of the
medication is 100% in IV therapy.
Intravenous
infusions are fluid solutions administered through a vein. There are numerous
different types of solutions available, but they can be broken down into simple
categories depending on the function they serve. Some replace lost fluids, and
others provide nutrients, replace lost blood, and deliver medications.
One of the most
common uses for intravenous infusions is to replenish fluids lost through
dehydration. These infusions often contain normal saline solution, a
combination of sterile water and sodium chloride. This solution is known as an
isotonic crystalloid, or a solution that contains the same amount of
electrolytes as plasma in the body. It is used in cases of moderate to severe
dehydration, such as that caused by vomiting or diarrhea, when replacing the
fluids quickly is vital.
When a patient`s
gastrointestinal tract is compromised and nutrients cannot be absorbed - or
eating can worsen the condition - intravenous infusions called total parenteral
nutrition may be given. These solutions contain a mix of sterile water,
electrolytes, sugar, proteins, fats, and other nutrients, depending on the
needs of the patient. Diseases and disorders that commonly require total
parenteral nutrition include late stages of Crohn`s disease, obstructive bowel
disorder, and ulcerative colitis.
Intravenous
infusions are also used to deliver medication directly to the blood stream.
Certain medications, such as intravenous immunoglobulin, a type of antibody,
can only be given through the vein. Other medications, such as certain narcotic
pain relievers, are given intravenously because the method allows them to they
work faster than when taken orally. Chemotherapy for treatment of cancer is
also typically given intravenously.
When performed by
a medical professional, intravenous infusions are typically safe. The most
common reaction is mild pain and redness at the site of the injection, although
different medications may cause different side effects. Any time the skin is
punctured, there is a risk of infection. Having a medical professional,
typically a nurse, monitor the intravenous infusion and change the injection
site when irritation is evident can help prevent complications.
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