High-yield and High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Two Kinds of Watermelon in Summer Garden
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1.1 Selection of varieties Zucchini should be selected for its low temperature resistance, low light, strong winter, resistance to diseases and insects, wide adaptability, straight melons, good quality, high yield, and variety of commodities.
1.2 sowing time sowing in mid-August, with 200-300 g per 667 m2
1.3 Seed treatment After the seeds are exposed for 1 to 2 days, they are soaked with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 20 min. The seeds are removed and rinsed with clean water.
1.4 Preparation and Sowing Before Seeding
1.4.1 Before sterilization in the drying place, pick up the net and post-harvest residuals, harvest them and burn them in a deep or deep burial place. Continue deep-turning three times in the sun in the ground for 15 to 20 days, and double-layer high-temperature dwellings in the months from June to July. ~ 30 d.
1.4.2 Fertilization combined with deep plowing applies 10,000 m2 of organic fertilizer, 100 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1.50 kg of zinc sulfate per 667 m2; Deep levelling, leveling, fertilization and organic fertilizer 3/5 application, leaving 2/5 concentration of furrow is appropriate. The ditch is widening along the north-south direction with a width of 170-180 cm. In winter, the cultivation technology of pepper is pressure-faeced and ridged. The ridge width is 100-110 cm, the gutter width is 60-70 cm, and the ridge height is 20-25. After the ridges are dipped in water, and 3 days after the irrigation, when the people can work in the ground, the ridges are leveled along the horizontal line, and the mulch is covered. In the dry ridge, 15 ridges are opened between the two ridges. .
1.4.3 Sowing according to the plant spacing of 55-60 ?, "product" type after the first filming, seedlings, 667 m2 seedlings 1 200 to 1 400, after planting watering seedlings.
1.5 Post-seeding management
1.5.1 Temperature and humidity management The temperature and humidity after emergence are mainly natural temperature and humidity, and the shed will be sheltered before and during the frost in late September. After the shelter, the daytime temperature is 22 °C ~ 25 °C, windproof at 28 °C, and the temperature at night is kept at 12 °C ~ 15 °C. The wheat straw and other crop straws are filled in the ditch, and the temperature and humidity are lowered.
1.5.2 Water and Fertilizer Management Before emergence from the root crop, no drought or irrigation is generally required. When the rootstock is stable or inflated, it should be irrigated, and combined with irrigation water every 667m2, topdressing with phosphorus diammonium or urea 20kg, potassium fertilizer 10kg, sitting in the flood season water needs fertilizer to increase, according to small water, small fertilizer, a small amount The principle of multiple times, to dry irrigation, lack of fat to chase. The irrigation is usually performed once every 7 to 10 days before the beginning of October, and once every 10 to 20 days after the month of October.
1.5.3 Plant Adjustment With the growth of stem vines, it is necessary to insert rods and condole in time, remove the lower aging leaves, eliminate lateral sprouts, eliminate dense melons and misshapen melons, and always maintain good light and master dominance. . For the leggy or over-prosperous courgettes, try to keep as much as possible, pick the melons later, slow down the water and fertilizer, and mildly control if necessary.
1.5.4 Pest control The initial stage of Fusarium wilt was rooted with 50% Carbendazim WP 500 times. In the early stage of the disease, gray mold and powdery mildew were sprayed with 1% agricultural anti-wuycin 200 times spray. Aphids and leaf miners were sprayed with 0.90% chlorfenac 4 000 times spray.
2 watermelon
2.1 Variety selection Select low-temperature resistant, oligo-illuminated, and pest resistant medium-early-maturing varieties such as Jingxin No. 1, Improved Jingxin No. 1, Silicon Valley Xinkang, and Yufeng Zaocheng.
2.2 Seedlings use seedlings for substrate seedlings or seedlings with nutrient soil for raising seedlings. The seedling time is late December and the seedling age is 25-30 days.
2.3 Preparation before planting
2.3.1 Disinfect the soil before every metre of ridging and ridging with B Phosphorus aluminum manganese zinc 10 g for soil disinfection. Press 130-140 cm wide to open the ditch along the north-south direction, pressurize the manure and add pond ridges. Dry pond is 90-100 cm wide, gutter width is 40-50 cm, and depth is 20-25. It is ridiculed with muddy water. Before the film is covered with phoxim 800 times liquid and 75% chlorothalonil 500 times liquid is mixed on the ridge surface. Spray pest control.
2.3.2 2 to 3 days before the disinfection of greenhouses, use 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent for every 667 m2 with 300 g, disperse 5 to 6 points, ignite and seal for a day and night, fully ventilate and ventilate after fumigation.
2.4 Transplanting colonization according to plant spacing 40 ~ 45 ?, "â–³" type excavation cultivation point, first with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution per hole 150 ~ 250 ml for cultivation point disinfection, to prevent wilt disease and vine Blight, then put the watermelon seedlings into the cultivation hole and seal the hole.
2.5 Post-planting management
2.5.1 Temperature and light management After the planting (about 3 days), maintain high temperature and humidity, and do not exceed 30 °C. After the seedlings are tempered, they are transferred to day and night temperature management, during the day at 25 °C to 30 °C and at night at 15 °C to 20 °C. Timely exposing the grasshoppers to extend the lighting time.
2.5.2 Management of Water and Fertilizer After Regeneration Seedling and before flowering, in principle, no drought or watering is needed. Intensify cultivator and seedlings to promote growth. When the watermelon grows to the size of the egg, pour the first water, and combine watering with 667 m2 of phosphorus diammonium per 667 m2. 15 ~ 20 kg, potassium sulfate 5 ~ 7 kg, watermelon has a large bowl mouth when the second watering, and topdressing urea 5 ~ 7 kg, superphosphate 10 kg, potassium sulfate 4 ~ 6 kg, general fertility Watering 2 or 3 times.
2.5.3 The plant is adjusted using double-vine twigs. Select a side vine in the main vines from 2 to 3 minutes and lift the main vine in time. When the watermelon grows to about 0.50 kg, hang it in a plastic mesh bag.
2.5.4 Artificial Pollination After the opening of the second to third female flowers, artificial pollination and tagging are performed around 10 noon.
2.5.5 Timely harvesting method is adopted for timely harvesting. According to the characteristics of watermelon varieties, the date of pollination mark is taken as a reference, and the maturation period of different varieties is used to determine whether it is mature.
2.6 Diseases and Insect Pests Control Watermelon diseases in greenhouses are mainly wilt diseases. In the initial stage, roots were irrigated 1500 times with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP and 10-30 days with 2-3 times. Insect pests are mainly leafminers and aphids. In the initial stage of the disease, sprays were made with 0.9% chlorfenone 3 000 times solution spray.