Analysis and Treatment of Common Problems in Cultivation of Slippery Mushrooms

With the expansion of the mushroom cultivation scale year by year, the disease has become increasingly serious, and it has become a very prominent problem in the cultivation of sphagnum. Because bacteria often occur in the culture medium, it is more difficult to control than other crops, improper control measures will be Causes both defeats. At the same time, the slider mushroom is a kind of health-care fungus food. When using drugs, it must choose high-efficiency, low-toxic and green environmental protection bactericide to prevent harm to the human body or the fruit body itself. Therefore, in the prevention and control of diseases, we must adhere to the principle of “prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and control”, strive to improve the cultivation environment, reduce and eliminate the chance of disease occurrence, and establish a comprehensive prevention and control system based on ecological control and supplemented by chemical control. To ensure the high yield, quality and efficiency of the slider mushroom.

First, common bacteria and their characteristics

1. Aspergillus: Shrimp mushroom cultivation of the most common bacteria in the dish bag. White villous mycelium appeared at the early stage of disease, which spread quickly and spread thickly, and quickly turned into a black or yellow-green granular powdery mildew layer, inhibiting the growth of the hyphae of the mushroom. The mushroom's mycelium grows well and covers it, which has little effect on mushrooming.

2, Trichoderma: Commonly known as green mold, mycelium grows fast, producing green conidial spots that can be identified. Trichoderma sometimes causes large numbers of scraper mushrooms and cultivation trays to be scrapped.

3, Streptomyces: also known as red bread mold, fast growth. A long chain is formed on the conidia of the branch and a conidiophore of the type N. aquatica is formed thereon. It is easy to smell alcohol from the fungus when infected with this mold.

4, Penicillium: Slipperium mushroom production process is the most common mold of the genus Penicillium, the hazard is very serious. Penicillium mycelium growth is not fast, but soon grow green conidia, forming a blue-green layer of powdery mildew, can significantly inhibit the growth of mushroom mycelium, and later infringement on the mushroom fruit body into a parasitic disease .

5, Mucor: commonly known as Mucor hirsutum, mycelium sparse, rapid growth, the surface formed a thick white cotton flocculent group, with the growth, the emergence of small black spherical conidium, almost in any moist organic matter Above, it is common to include slider mushroom strains and cultivation trays.

Second, the cause of bacterial contamination

1, the medium is not completely sterilized due to sterilization time or pressure is not enough, sterilization fashion too much, too tight and airtight or placed unreasonable, autoclave did not let go of air-conditioning caused.

2, steaming material and inoculation are not synchronized Some mushroom farmers first concentrated steaming material, a few days after the centralized inoculation, this will cause more opportunities for pollution.

3. It is too late to inoculate until late April or late May or until May, because the weather has become warmer and susceptible to infection.

4. Strains with bacteria are mainly manifested on the bacteria blocks or around the contamination of bacteria, such contamination often appears in batches and the pollution of the bacteria is more consistent.

5. Pollution caused by inoculation operation This type of contamination often occurs on the surface of the culture medium, mainly due to incomplete disinfection of the inoculation site or inaccurate aseptic operations during inoculation.

6, break pollution sterilization operation or careless during transport, so that the container rupture or appear microporous, or because of rodent damage caused by bacterial plate, bag pollution.

7, the mixed medium into the pine sawdust because of pine sawdust contains bactericidal substances, can inhibit the growth of mushroom slider mycelium, hyphae do not eat, resulting in a large number of later bacteria.

8. The most suitable bacterial age for strain ageing is from 40 to 50 days after inoculation. The old strains have matured mycelia, slow mycelial growth, and are susceptible to infestation with miscellaneous bacteria.

9. The moisture content of the culture medium of the culture medium of the mushroom is not more than 65%, and the growth of the water-grown mycelium is slow.

10, mushroom shed humidity humidity room indoor relative humidity should not exceed 70%, which should not dry should not be wet.

11, direct sunlight bacteria plate mycelium culture stage direct sunlight, mycelial growth will be inhibited.

12, ventilated dead mycelium growth requires oxygen, bacteria during the ventilation period, can make rapid growth of mycelium, in advance over the medium.

Third, comprehensive prevention measures

In order to ensure the normal growth and development of the mushrooms and achieve high-quality and high-yield production, we should adhere to the principle of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control”. Keep the inoculation site, tools, and vaccinators clean to prevent transmission of infections.

1. Sites for cultivation are selected as sites with high topography, good ventilation, clean water source, and away from pollution sources such as livestock and poultry houses.

2. Select the culture medium and the cultivation tray to select fresh, dry, mildew-free culture materials. The ingredients should be evenly distributed.

3, sterilization of the culture medium to completely ensure the pressure and time of sterilization, the amount of loading should not be too much, when the autoclave discharge cold air to be completely.

4. Strictly inspect the quality of strains, and appropriately increase the amount of strains to use good varieties that are free of disease, strong in life, and strong in resistance.

5, the inoculation site must be completely sterilized, inoculation should be strictly sterile operation of the bacteria culture plate, bag directly into the clean cooling room or inoculation room, inoculation action to be rapid and accurate to prevent bacterial infection.

6, do a good job in the training room and mushrooming of the environmental health, improve the growth and development of slider mushroom environmental conditions training room and mushroom shed must first strict disinfection, the culture process should strengthen ventilation, prevent high temperature and humidity.

7, regular inspections, found that the pollution of the timely disposal of the pollution of the cultivation of bags should be destroyed immediately, or away from the mushrooming place 50 meters away from the treatment, should not be littered everywhere or without treatment on the bag drying booth, it will cause environmental pollution, the production Unfavorable place.

8, scientific drugs often check and found that the contamination of mold must be treated in time, so as not to spread. When the fungal spotting occurs, the injection of high-effective green mold net or injection of 1% clotriaxacin to the affected area can kill the bacteria without affecting the growth of the mycelia. If the contamination is severe, the mold may be excavated first. , And spray 5% lime water in the affected area, serious pollution must be cleared in time and dig deep.

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