The management of summer tomatoes
The result of summer tomatoes is in the period with the highest temperature in a year. The temperature in the shed often exceeds 40°C, and it is prone to flowering and fruiting, and serious physiological diseases. So, what are the main points that should be grasped in planting management? First, choose the right heat-resistant anti-virus varieties The selection of varieties is the first step in growing vegetables. It is important to choose a variety suitable for planting in the hot summer season. This species is the first to have better heat resistance, and can normally set fruit at a temperature of 30-35°C. In addition to its heat-resistance properties, it is important that it is resistant to disease. In recent years, the outbreak of tomato virus TY, especially the summer tomatoes, many insects transmitted viruses, prone to occur, so virus disease epidemic areas should pay attention to choose anti-virus varieties. Second, choose the right cultivation method There is a serious misunderstanding in the cultivation of tomato plants in summer, that is, most of them are planted in flat plants. After planting, in order to prevent and control weeds, they are also covered with black mulch. When the agricultural operation is performed, they are carried out on the mulching film. This causes tight film formation. Sticking to the ground, agricultural operations, and irrigation are all on the same line. This leads to serious build-up of soil in the row, impeded gas exchange between the soil and air, low oxygen content in the soil, and reduced root activity, affecting the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients by the root system, weak plant growth, and swelling. If the speed is slow. In response to this situation, it is recommended that the vegetable growers change the planting method to ridging planting. For the cultivated plants, the soil can be changed into ridge backs by combining the soils in different grades. Generally, the soil is divided into 2-3 times to complete the soil and prevent over-preparation. Affects root growth and reduces absorptive capacity. At the same time, pay attention to the way the plastic film is covered, use iron wire, etc. to support the plastic film, increase the air flow on the soil surface, and separate the operation line from the irrigation line. Third, a reasonable close planting The planting densities of tomatoes in summer sheds are generally small. In some places, most of the captains planted watermelons. When the tomatoes were planted during the summer, they were planted along the watermelon ditches for convenience of operation. As a result, the rows of tomatoes were too large. The rows of about 2.8 meters included only two rows of tomatoes. The average row spacing was 1.4. Meters around. Even if planting density is large, only 1200-1500 strains can be planted per acre. In this way, not only the land is wasted, but the output is greatly affected. In addition, the light is too strong in the later period and the fruit is prone to sunburn and other problems. Therefore, it is recommended that before the establishment of summer tomatoes, the vegetable growers should fully plan the land and reasonably plan the space within the shed to ensure that they are planted according to a reasonable spacing. Generally, the plant spacing is about 35-40 cm for single pruning and the double pruning can be 45-50 cm. Row spacing is maintained at about 70-80 cm, improving land use efficiency and increasing production. Fourth, pay attention to the prevention and treatment of virus disease at seedling stage Tomato virus disease has been very serious in the past two years, especially for summer tomatoes. Many vegetable farmers have chosen anti-virus strains, thinking that this can be done once and for all without the need to prevent and control viruses. In fact, this kind of thinking is wrong. The existing disease-resistant varieties and non-resistant varieties are only different in disease resistance and are not completely immune. In the presence of virus infection, the anti-viral strains may also develop disease, but the incidence is relatively light, sometimes not visible, and is not unaffected. In addition, the anti-virus strains currently on the market are only resistant to one or more viruses and do not guarantee strong resistance to all viruses, and there are many types of virus that infect tomatoes, so even if they are planted with anti-virus Varieties, still have to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases. When the seedling stage plants are weak, it is the time when the plant disease resistance is the weakest, especially when the temperature of the greenhouse exceeds 35°C, the anti-toxicity of the anti-TY gene will have different degrees of passivation, and it is easy to cause symptoms of viral diseases. Therefore, from the start of sowing, we should do a good job in the prevention of viral diseases and focus on the prevention of seedlings. To prevent viral diseases, we must start with pest control and cut off the transmission of viral diseases. For example, Bemisia tabaci is the main transmission insect of TY virus. Aphids can transmit many viruses such as potato mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. The control of insecticides such as Bemisia tabaci and aphids should be done in the greenhouse. An insect-proof net was set at the air outlet to reduce the transmission of insect-infected insects into the greenhouse. Yellow boards were hung and suspended in the greenhouse. At the same time, insects were sprayed and controlled with imidacloprid and dimethoate. After the colonization of tomatoes, chitin, matrine, and mushroom proteins should be sprayed once every 7-10 days to increase the ability of plants to resist viruses and reduce the occurrence of viral diseases. Five, fruit stay late, first cultivate strong trees Many people think that the temperature in summer is high and can retain more fruits. However, the excessive amount of fruit in the lower part of the plant and excessive nutrient consumption will seriously affect the growth of stems and leaves and roots, resulting in insufficient supply of nutrients from the soil, less accumulation of photosynthetic products, and falling in the leaves, resulting in fruit set in the later period of the red persimmon. It will be greatly affected. In fruit retention, it is recommended that the fruit should not be too much in the lower part of the plant. If the plant stalk is relatively weak, it is recommended to remove the first spike flower, first cultivate strong trees, and then leave more fruit. There are three reasons for the removal of the first fruit: one is that the first fruit is easy to fall off the tree, which is not conducive to the high yield of the tomato; second, because the temperature is high during the seedling stage, the fruit often has poor flower bud differentiation, and the fruit that is produced is also Mostly malformed, poor commercial quality; Third, the concentration of anthers at the test point, in order to facilitate later flowering, after the test is removed. If the plant growth is relatively robust, the first ear fruit can be 2-3, the second ear fruit 3-4, the third ear fruit 4 and the upward ear 4-5 fruit. The first flower of each spike flower is usually open 1-2 days earlier than other flowers. After the flower is spotted, it tends to cause nutrient concentration to supply the fruit, which easily results in different sizes of fruits and affects the commodity rate of the fruit. The first flower of spike flower should not point. Jiangsu Tiera Biotechnology Co., Ltd , https://www.tierabio.com