Emergency prevention of Chinese cabbage soft rot

Editor's comment: Recently, the vegetable farmer of Guozhuang Village of Huanpi Town, Xinle City, reported that most of the more than one hundred acres of cabbage planted in this year's village had rotted petiole base, accompanied by sour odor, and the leaf was rotted down from above. , I do not know what caused the disease, how to prevent and control. In response, the newspaper invited Zhang Mashu, an expert of Chinese cabbage, to write the following, hoping to lift the doubts of the cabbage growers and take effective measures to reduce the economic losses. Since the beginning of October, the growth of Chinese cabbage has entered the period of glutinous rice buds. At this stage, it is a critical period for the harvest of Chinese cabbage, and it is also a period of large-scale occurrence of soft rot. There are three common conditions: Stem decay, rotting gourds and leaf decay. 1. Stem decay: Occurs initially at the base of the petiole of Chinese cabbage, which appears immersed at the beginning of the disease. After the oval spots appear, it gradually expands and softens, appearing dark gray, and finally the leaves completely rot and emit odors (this is different from Typical features of black rot.) When the majority of cabbage leaves were infected, the whole plant collapsed and died. This rot does not produce mold because the petiole shrinks. 2. Rotting gourd: The soft rot pathogen invades directly from the root of the seedling. Except for some seedlings dead, most of the injured seedlings only had deep leaf color, which made the growth of the whole plant slow, and when the water was flooded or the rainy weather brought about the lack of oxygen in the roots during the flooding period, the shortened stem of Chinese cabbage (commonly known as: Or gourd) rot of the pulpy tissue gives off odors. In the early stage of disease, the leaves of noon were noisy at daytime and recovered sooner or later. After a few days, the outer leaves of the plants were flat on the ground, and the leaves or leaves of the leaves were exposed and died. 3. Leaf rot: The pathogen spreads down from the wound of the petiole or the edge of the leaf blade or the top of the leaf ball. Most of the cabbage leaf leaves were harmed by pests. The damaged soft leaves were sticky, soft and rot-like, breaking and exposing the heart and leaves, and finally the entire leaf ball rotted. Conditions of soft rot disease: Soft rot pathogens mainly originate from the soil and invade the plants through rain and irrigation water. These wounds include artificial field work (broken leaves), insect damage and the natural cracks of the cabbage itself. During the growing season, it is raining for a long time, the seedlings are excessive, the roots are deeply ploughed and the roots are damaged. Intrusion offers favorable conditions. According to experiments, the healing speed of Chinese cabbage at different growth stages is different: wounds at the seedling stage heal for 24 hours, and wounds can heal at 72 hours after the rosette period, so the onset is heavy. In terms of prevention and control, the majority of vegetable farmers should not flood the land first, reduce surface water accumulation time, apply fertilizer in appropriate amounts, and use water to fertilize. Immediately before the watering, the diseased plants were removed and brought out of the vegetable field. The pathogens shall be poured with lime or bactericidal agent, such as agricultural anti-751, etc., so as to reduce the spread of water and invade other plants. Followed by the use of chemical control: First, the use of 72% of agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 2000 times or 2000 times neophytin, sprayed every 7 days, and even spray 2 or 3 times. When spraying, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be blended with 200 grams per mu. The soft rot pathogenic bacteria tends to have an alkaline environment, and can add 500 to 800 ml of vinegar per acre in the prevention and treatment, which will help improve the disease resistance of the plants. Second, use Feng Ling 250-150 grams of water per mu per mu 50 kg, spray 1 or 2 times or use agricultural anti-751 per mu 2.5 to 5 liters with water droplets into the vegetable field. Third, the available cabbage preserving agent is 15 to 20 kilograms per 15 grams of water, and it is sprayed once during the growing period and the filling period of Chinese cabbage to enhance its cold resistance, drought resistance, and disease resistance. At the same time, it is also a soft rot of Chinese cabbage. Diseases such as black rot, downy mildew, and viral diseases have significant preventive effects. Fourth, use 1500 times liquid spray of bacteria, spurts, spray 8 to 10 days, and spray twice. In order to reduce the incidence of soft rot, when replanting Chinese cabbage in the coming year, the majority of vegetable farmers should also pay attention to the selection of disease-resistant varieties. In general, the long-tube type cabbage is more resistant to soft rot than Baotou vegetable; the rotation is suitable for late-rotation and appropriate late sowing; half-high ridge planting , Reduce the number of field operations and human trauma and mechanical damage. Postscript: Why is the disease of this year's cabbage serious? This summer's hot weather laid a root cause for the disease of Chinese cabbage. From August to September, the uneven distribution of rainfall, continuous rain and sudden sunny weather appeared many times, which was not conducive to the growth of Chinese cabbage and prolonged the healing time of Chinese cabbage. The resistance of Chinese cabbage and the ability of Chinese cabbage to produce healing hormones caused a variety of pathogenic bacteria to infect (such as black rot, downy mildew, virus disease, white patches on individual plots, etc.), resulting in soft rot. Germ infection caused conditions. As a result of complex infection, the resistance of the plants is poor, and the healing speed of wounds is slowed down. Flatland planting and early sowing are also one of the conditions that cause soft rot. Why was planting disease so early? According to experiments, sowing is early, the plants are exposed to natural conditions for a long time, and the chance of infection by pests and pathogens increases, so the chance of getting sick increases.

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