Special Corn and Its Cultivation Techniques

Special maize refers to the types of corn kernels other than normal corn. These types of corn have their own unique intrinsic genetic composition, exhibit unique characteristics such as grain structure, nutrient composition, processing quality and edible flavor, and therefore have their own special uses, processing requirements and corresponding sales markets. Compared with the general corn, it has higher technical content and greater economic value, so the foreign corn is called genetically value-added corn. The development and application of different types of special maize in line with local conditions and on a modest scale will improve the nutritional status of the people, promote the development of industries such as food, textiles, papermaking, plastics, and fermentation, open up new roads for wealth for farmers, and increase economic benefits. . 1 Introduction of Several Special Maizes a. Waxy corn, also known as viscous corn, is a mutant of corn endosperm traits. The endosperm starch is composed of amylopectin. The edible digestibility is more than 20% higher than that of ordinary corn, and it also has high viscosity and palatability. The heated corn starch has high expansibility and transparency. These excellent traits give valuable value and wide range of applications to sticky corn. Green sticks and alfalfa foods have become popular foods, and have broad application prospects in the food industry, paper industry, feed industry and adhesive industry. At present, more viscous maize varieties are used in Heilongjiang Province. They are No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.3 sticky corn. b. Black corn Human food consumption is going after a white food (starch, sugar), red food (high fat, high protein), cyan food (vitamin, cellulose). Nutrition, high health foods, that is, black food. Black corn is a typical black resource, rich in iron, manganese, copper, zinc and other mineral elements. Another prominent feature of black corn is that the selenium content in the grains is relatively high, reaching 0.102 mg/kg. Selenium is known as “a miraculous element of life”. Black corn is a combination of color, fragrance and nutrition, and it can develop a series of black nutrition and health foods, such as black corn flakes, black corn bran and black corn cans. There are many varieties of black corn at the moment, such as Italian black corn, Italian black pearl, Chinese black corn, and China Purple Jade black corn. c. Sweet corn China has successively developed ordinary sweet corn, super sweet corn and enhanced sweet corn hybrids, and also cultivated purple and red sweet corn types. Sweet corn can be used for canning, quick-freezing and green corn. In recent years, canned sweet corn and quick-frozen products have embarked on the family table from high-end hotels in China, and have become a new channel for farmers to become rich and a major commodity for China’s export earnings. The Dongnongzhong and Dongnongzao sweet varieties cultivated by Northeast Agricultural University can be used as introduction materials. d. High-quality protein corn is also referred to as high-lysine corn, because lysine is an amino acid that humans and monogastric animals cannot synthesize and need, while this amino acid is absent in normal corn kernels. The protein quality of high-quality protein corn is comparable to that of skimmed milk, and it has good taste and has higher nutritional value than ordinary corn. Using this kind of corn to raise pigs can not only greatly save the feed, but also increase the weight rate more than 30% of ordinary corn. Xinyu 7 is a high lysine corn (lysine content 3.92%), suitable for planting in the first, third and fourth accumulated temperature zones in Heilongjiang Province. e. Burst Corn and Bamboo Shoots Corn popcorn can be used as a raw Material for puffed foods; bamboo shoots and corn can be processed into inexpensive, nutritious canned corn shoots. 2 Special Corn Cultivation Techniques The special corn is a type of mutation in corn, which has the same biological characteristics as normal corn, but also has some characteristics, in order to ensure its inherent quality, suitable for special needs, in the cultivation technology Should pay attention to some issues. a. Planting must be isolated to avoid dissimilar type of corn flour. Special maize is controlled by recessive genes. If it is hybridized with other types of corn, it will be present in other types of grains, which will cause some or all of the original quality of special corn to be lost and lose its useful value. Therefore, it must be isolated from other types of corn. The isolation method can be isolated by natural barriers (villages, tree belts, hills, orchards, etc.), spatial isolation (generally no other maize varieties should be planted within 350 to 400 meters of space), and time isolation (utilization Adjust the sowing date to stagger the method of staggering the flowering period to overlap with other corn, and the flowering period should be staggered for at least 20 days). Among them, isolation of natural barriers and spatial isolation are better. b. Reasonably choose land plots. In order to ensure the high yield and stable production of special maize, we should choose the medium or weak acid loam and sandy soil land with deep plowing layer, fertile soil, rich organic matter content, and strong water retention and fertility guarantee. It is better to have drainage and irrigation conditions. c. Reasonable fertilization. The amount of fertilization is the same as that of ordinary corn. Fertilization method should be applied to the base fertilizer to make good fertilizer. With regard to fertilization types, in addition to nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, attention should be paid to the application of high quality manure and potash fertilizers, which will help improve the quality and flavor of special corn. d. Timely sowing and reasonable close planting. The appropriate sowing date should be determined according to the maturity of the variety and the use. As corn with tender young ear, in order to extend harvest time and market supply time, it can be used for pre-emergence cultivation or staged sowing; if it is used for sub-planting, it should be timely sowed and germinated (live direct or protective ground). Cultivation) combined with other ripening measures. The planting density can be determined according to the degree of soil fertility and the characteristics of the varieties themselves. The plant type is compact, and the early-maturing and short-short plants should be closely planted; the plant type is flat, and the late-maturing plantation should be planted. The fertilizer and water conditions should follow the principle of "fat land should be dense enough, thin water should be scarce". e. Strengthen field management. The field management is generally the same as that of normal corn, but for the special maize with strong tillering ability, in order to ensure that the main stem of the ear has sufficient nutrients to promote early ripening, it is necessary to remove the earthworm as soon as possible and carry it out several times. At the same time pay attention to the prevention of pests and diseases, the control method with ordinary corn. Sticky and sweet type corn is vulnerable to aphids and corn borer and should be controlled. In order to increase the seed setting rate, artificially assisted pollination may be performed. f. timely harvest. Should be based on the type of species, length of growth period, climatic conditions, use different and timely harvest. Green corn and sweet corn were harvested during the milk ripening period; seed corn was harvested after the wax ripening period. (

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