Early fruit high-yielding cultivation techniques of olive

First, the site selection of olives belongs to tropical subtropical evergreen trees, avoid freezing warm, suitable for the average annual temperature of about 20 °C, while the absolute minimum winter temperature of not less than 2 °C, in the altitude of 200 meters below the slope of less than 25 degrees Regional planting. Olives do not require strict soil and water requirements. All hillside areas of red and yellow soils and alluvial lands along rivers can be planted. The soil is relatively deep, and soil fertile sandy soil is more ideal for planting. Second, planting preparations Because the main roots of olives developed into the soil depth, wide distribution of lateral roots, large digging points must be applied fertilizer. According to the site condition of the orchard, it is planned to be planted with a spacing of 6m 5m or 6m 7m. The method of digging a hole is to dig a planting hole that is one meter deep and one meter wide. After digging for a long time, the soil is sun dried for a period of time, then backfilled with basal fertilizer. Generally, straws and other agricultural crops are used to fill 20-30 kilograms per hole. The manuscript is spread in three layers and each layer is sprinkled with lime 0.5. kg. The top layer is supersaturated with 1.5 kg of superphosphate, 2 kg of cake fertilizer, 20-50 kg of manure or animal faeces. The organic fertilizer should be mixed with the soil and then piled into a mound about 30 centimeters from the ground. Place it for a while before it can be planted. Third, the excellent grafted seedlings cultured using nutritious bags to cultivate grafted seedlings can change the structure of olive straight roots, inhibit the growth of the main root, fibrous roots and lateral root growth is 2-3 times the traditional breeding method, planting survival increased to 95%, while The traditional cultivation period is 3-4 years earlier. The nutrition bag is used to cultivate grafted seedlings. The practice is to use 15 cm 28 cm plastic bags to fill the nutrient soil. Put the germinated seeds of olive seeds directly into the nutrition bag and insert them into small holes. Inside, the fine soil covers and grows into strong rootstocks. Before and after the Ching Ming period, the branches of the fruit tree of the fine variety were selected and the double bud cutting method was adopted. The survival rate of the grafting before Ching Ming could reach more than 85%. IV. Planting and Management 1. Planting. First dig the pit above the mound, then put the grafted seedlings off the plastic bag into the pit (be careful not to crush the nutritious soil), and cultivate more fertile fine soil around the roots. Root water prevents roots from coming into contact with fresh animal feces to prevent new root rot. For dwarfing and high yield, the main trunk is cut off at the time of planting and kept at 30-35 cm, which can increase the survival rate. 2, fertilizer and water management. The young tree is thin and hard to use and promotes drawing. Fertilizers are applied once every two months, especially before and after the shoot period, and fertilizers such as decomposed manure, urea and compound fertilizers are applied. Open the ring shallow ditch irrigation at 40-60 cm away from the trunk. Cover soil after fertilization. The result tree is applied 3-4 times a year. Fertilizer before flower (April-April), strong fruit fertilizer (July-September), and fruit-fertilizer (November) were used. The first two were quick-release fertilizers to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit ripening. After fruit-picking, the combination of quick-acting and delayed-effect fertilizers depends on the size of the crown, the strength of the tree vigor, and the results. 3, plastic dwarf trim. When planting olives, cut off the main trunk and keep it at 30-35 cm, and leave 3-4 shoots with different parts and orientations on the main trunk. The base angle of the extracted lateral branches is 60-70 degrees. branch. Afterwards, the main branches distributed at each layer should be staggered with the adjacent main branch, and the branch groups should be directly cultured on the main branch of each layer. In general, the distance between the main branches of each layer is 60-70 cm, the control is on 4-5 layers, and the height of the tree is about 4-4.5 meters. The pruning time is summer and winter. The pruning method uses a combination of short cuts and toppings. Cut off the long branches, remove the inner litchi, overlapping branches, and pests and branches, and open the skylight at the top of the crown to control the height of the crown and ensure the peripheral results of the crown. Short truncating before the summer shoots are not yet mature, cut the top buds on the main stem and the main buds of the main branches to 6-10 cm, and promote the growth of the buds on the side of the branches to be strong, and the nutrient is evenly distributed, so that the autumn shoots are fully mature and reach the early fruits. High yield. 4. Pest control. Olive pests are star-dwellers, leaf roller moths, and skinworm moths. Among them, the most serious damage is caused by starbursts, and soy disease is induced. The occurrence period is mainly from April to October, and it damages the leaves of three new shoots in spring, summer and autumn. The disease is mainly anthrax, which occurs at high temperatures and can easily cause defoliation. Chemical control is based on prevention and protect the normal growth of spring, summer and autumn shoots. Use 15% DuPont hit suspension 3500 times liquid, 90% wettable agent DuPont Wanling 2000 times. Disease prevention and control can be used DuPont Ke Lu 600 times or DuPont Fuxing 8000 times spray. At the same time, biological control, winter pruning and clearing and manual hunting can be used to control the occurrence of pests. (Huang Defa)

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