Cultivation Techniques of Cucumber in North Shelter

1. Suitable for wintering and sowing of cucumber for planting and planting are usually planted in the middle and early October and planted in mid-November. July-November followed by a late fall of the tomato, pulled in mid-November, is a better model. However, after mid-November, when temperatures dropped and rain, snow and clouds increased, cucumbers that had just been planted were often affected to varying degrees and reduced in yield. According to local trials and studies conducted by Mr. Wang Mingyao of Gu'an County, the sowing date of cucumbers for overwintering was earlier than mid-September, and the planting period was appropriate as early as mid-October. In this way, it is not only beneficial to the development of root systems at the seedling stage and the growth of above-ground parts, but also the root melons can be harvested in late November, and the market price starts to enter a peak period. However, early sowing and planting, the use of grafted seedlings, we must pay attention to the prevention and treatment of aphids, whitefly damage and downy mildew, anthrax occurrence. Gu'an County promoted early planting techniques from 1993 to 1997 and achieved good results.

2. Fertilizing and soil preparation The basic fertilizer is applied to composting, cattle and horse manure, chicken manure, pig manure and shredded straw, fully decomposed wheat bran, rice husk and discarded edible mushroom culture medium, and so on. About 18 cubic meters, superphosphate 150 ~ 200 kg, 75 to 100 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer (50 to 75 kg of diammonium phosphate can be used instead of the above two fertilizers), cottonseed cake 200 to 300 kg.

Fertilization site preparation method:

First, digging planting ditch applied.

The second is to plunge the ground 2 times. Then pour enough water at the end of the ridge, ridge up to do 畦, 畦 high 15 to 20 cm. There are two main configurations of line spacing: The first is a large row of 80 cm, a small row of 50 cm, and an average spacing of 65 cm. Another is a small row of 80 cm, a large row of 100 cm or 120 cm.

3, set the election to be sunny. After the seedlings are divided into large, medium, and small grades, they are transported to the planting ridge. From the perspective of the entire greenhouse, large seedlings should be placed on both the east and the west and the front of the greenhouse. Saplings should be placed in the middle of the greenhouse. Judging from one line, the big seedlings are in the back of the greenhouse and the seedlings are in the middle, so they tend to grow neatly and consistently. Generally, the "close planting" cultivation has an average plant spacing of about 23 centimeters, and the "sparse planting" cultivation has an average plant spacing of about 30 centimeters. When planting, the seedlings are placed in the ditch in accordance with the prescribed spacing. Afterwards watering, plugging soil and surrounding seedlings. Then, drench the ditch to create a new root condition for cucumber.

4. After the seedlings are managed and planted, “deep, medium and shallow” cultivating methods should be adopted to carry out cultivating and promote the growth and development of deep, medium, and shallow root systems. It is better to cover the plastic film after the temperature has cooled.

One is to irrigate the water in the 2-4 leaves after planting, in order to deep cultivator, the general cultivating depth of 20-25 cm, the purpose is to plough the surface layer and the middle root to promote deep root formation. Generally cultivating 5-6 times. Deep roots are important for winter melons and high and stable yields.

The second is when 4-6 true leaves, shallow cultivator, cultivating every day or cultivating once a day, cultivating a depth of 10-15 centimeters to promote the formation of the middle root.

When the third is 8-12 leaves, the cultivator is generally stopped. Because of this period of time, the cucumber seedlings usually sit about 10 centimeters, mainly long surface roots. With deep, medium and shallow roots, cucumbers can produce high yields. In terms of temperature management, it is necessary to manage according to the seedling segmentation: the first true leaf is managed at a slightly higher temperature on the day before, and it is generally maintained at 25-32°C in the sunny morning and 16-18°C in the evening. Low night temperature management (10 to 15°C in the morning) was used from the second leaf to promote the differentiation of female flowers. After 5-6 leaves, the temperature is appropriately higher, sunny morning 25-32°C, afternoon 23-20°C, night 20-14°C. If the previous temperature management procedures for controlling the female flower nodes are not adopted due to weather or human factors, the female flowers appear to have low nodes and the female flowers continuously appear in large numbers. The growth of the plants may have been suppressed or even a "flower topping" has occurred. Decisively adjusted by manual measures.

5, Guagua period management

(1) When vines are pruned and cultivated for overwintering and cultivating cucumbers, in order to promote development and maintain the vitality of the root system, most of them are methods that do not use topping to allow natural growth. Overwintering cucumbers generally grow to 40-50 knots. Due to the limited height of temperature chambers, it will take a while for them to sink. In order to facilitate the fall, it is generally used nylon line cloth, cloth hanging, hanging nylon line should be set aside more in the upper part, so that when Shen Man continued. When hanging the vine, the operation should be light, not too much at one time, not to damage the blades. At the same time, the lower yellow leaves, lateral branches, tendrils, male flowers, malformed melons, and diseased melons must be removed.

(2) Temperature Management After wintering, cucumbers began to form melons, and most regions have entered the severe winter season. At this point, the management temperature must be gradually reduced on the basis of the previous stage, gradually reaching the sunny day at 23-26°C, not exceeding 28°C; the afternoon at 22-20°C, the midnight at 18-16°C, not exceeding 20°C, It is 12-10 °C in the early morning. At this time, the temperature must not be too high or low, in particular, do not easily put high temperature, otherwise it will cause plant sugar in low temperature into a respiratory matrix at high temperatures and be consumed, affecting its ability to resist cold. In case of continuous cloudy days, they must be dealt with in accordance with the Lian cloudy countermeasures. After spring, the sunshine duration increases day by day, the intensity of sunshine increases day by day, the temperature increases day by day, and cucumbers must be transferred to the peak of production. The management indicators in this period will have to be increased and gradually reach the theoretically suitable temperature. That is, sunny days 25-28 °C, not more than 32 °C, night temperature 20-14 °C, not more than 22 °C. Plants under such temperature management are generally more robust, with more coordinated vegetative and reproductive growth, which is conducive to prolonging the period of nectarine and increasing total yield. There are also high-temperature management, high-temperature management, sunny daylight temperature in the morning at 30-38 °C, night temperature 21-18 °C. The temperature in the solar greenhouse is strictly affected by the light conditions. The above temperature management index is not a rigid requirement, and it is more of a guiding ideology for the temperature management of the producer and an approximate scale that needs to be mastered. Emphasize that sunny days should not be blindly exposed to high temperatures, and friends and nights should not be overheated; when the weather is still good in winter, do not blindly be optimistic and aim to build a seedling to create a plant with high light efficiency that has good adaptability to low temperature and low light conditions. This will not lose the initiative; after the spring, according to the market conditions or the occurrence of downy mildew, flexible management of temperature, in order to obtain a more ideal efficiency.

(3) Moisture management After the melons are formed, the winter season is approaching. Although plant growth and fruiting melons are still underway, the amount of water used is also relatively reduced. Watering is also more likely to reduce the temperature and induce diseases. When the weather is normal, it usually takes about 7 days to pour water. After the weather gets colder, the watering time can be extended to 10-12 days. However, the watering interval and the amount of watering can not be completely carried out according to the specified number of days, but also need to be weighed according to experience and the appearance of cucumber plants, fruit enlargement and weight gain, and some day and night performance. Melon dark green, leaves no luster, leading stretch is a suitable performance of water and fertilizer; tendrils were sagging phenomenon, is the performance of water shortage, sunny watering should be selected in time. Watering must also pay attention to the weather forecast. It must be able to meet a few sunny days after watering. If it is poured, it will be very passive. The watering method advocates the use of low-pressure pipe irrigation, drip irrigation or under-membrane irrigation. In the spring, when cucumbers enter the period of prosperous melons, the water requirement increases significantly. This elbow to be removed, according to the normal temperature (daytime 25-28 °C, no more than 32 °C, night 18-16 °C) management, generally 4-5 days pouring a water; management temperature is high, according to the situation can be 2 -Pour water for 3 days, promote flooding, clean water between rows, and pour water to ensure deep root water supply. The regulation principle of air humidity is that the relative humidity of the air in the winter season is controlled at about 70% to adapt to the conditions of low temperature and low illumination and to prevent the occurrence of various diseases under low temperature and high humidity. After warming up in the spring, the humidity will gradually increase, and the duration of harvesting will reach 90%.

(4) Overwintering and picking cucumbers for cucumbers lasting 4-5 months. The total amount of fertilizer required is necessarily greater, but the amount of fertilizer required each time should not be too large. Generally can be carried out according to the following rules: after the first melon can be chased once fertilizer, mu ammonium nitrate 20-30 kg; low temperature period generally 15 days left to chase a fertilizer, each acres of ammonium nitrate 10-15 kg, at the same time Pay special attention to doing a good job of foliar dressing. According to practical experience, the foliar fertilizer formula is: humic acid spray fertilizer 50 grams +1250 grams of decachidomycin 1 gram + rooting powder 0.3 grams, 5 kilograms of water, sprayed once or irrigate 7 days, the effect is very it is good. After entering the period of fruiting and meloning in spring, the intervals between topdressing should be gradually shortened, and the amount of topdressing should be gradually increased. The interval between topdressing is shortened to 8-10 days, and 20-30 kg of ammonium acid is used per acre. When using high temperature management, the top dressing interval is reduced to 6 to 8 days, and the amount of topdressing each acre must reach 30 to 40 kg. In addition, according to practical experience in recent years, in order to prevent premature aging after the Spring Festival, the organic fertilizer is usually chased once before the Spring Festival, and 1500 kg of cow manure and chicken manure are recovered, 100 kg of potassium sulfate and 100 kg of potassium dihydrogen sulfate are used.

(5) Addition of carbon dioxide and ventilation management Before releasing the straw curtains in the morning and before releasing the air, the addition of oxygen dioxide fertilizer can increase production by about 30%. In winter, the air vent usually only opens the upper air outlet. During the air release, it is necessary to check the room temperature frequently to prevent the temperature from dropping too low. It is best to use a piece of plastic cloth to block the cold air directly into the greenhouse without blowing it directly under the air outlet. On the melons. As the weather in the spring gets warmer and the temperature becomes higher and higher, more and more harmful gases will accumulate in the room. Adjusting the temperature and exchanging the gas requires gradually increasing the ventilation volume. Ventilation in the spring should also pay attention to skill, that is, the wind must be combined with cucumber downy mildew. First of all, only from the height of the greenhouse (not less than 1.7 meters in principle) open air; can not put the bottom; damaged shed film should be repaired at any time; close the air outlet immediately when it rains; this is to prevent the downy mildew Disease spores enter the room. In addition, high temperatures exceeding 32°C have the effect of resisting the spore germination of downy mildew. When the external night temperature is stable at 14-16 °C, you can release the air all night, but it is necessary to prevent people from dripping into the room. The cucumber in the solar greenhouse has been growing under cover. Once the plastic film is peeled off, the production is finished. 3. Disease and Pest Control Sunlight Greenhouse Cucumber production area is large, growth time is long, continuous cropping is more, experience climatic conditions in different seasons, prone to diseases and pests. There are few kinds of insect pests and they are easy to control; there are many types of diseases and the threat is also greatest. The common diseases in the production of cucumbers in the solar greenhouse are downy mildew, bacterial angular spot, blight, anthrax, powdery mildew, epidemic, sclerotia, gray mold, blight, scab, and virus disease. .

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