Solar greenhouse and greenhouse production management measures in early spring
Snowy and cold weather often affects the production of greenhouses and greenhouse vegetables. Improper management can cause great losses. Therefore, strengthening the management of solar greenhouses and greenhouse vegetables in early spring and low temperature seasons is particularly important for increasing production and increasing economic returns. The following describes the technical points of solar greenhouse and greenhouse vegetable management techniques in early spring and low temperature seasons: First, insulation management measures In order to prevent cold damage caused by vegetables, one must thicken the insulation measures. Conditional measures can be taken to increase the temperature. Second, the sealing of the shed structure should be improved. The shed film should be promptly repaired. The doorway of the shed should be insulated with double curtains inside and outside. Is to promote the use of cold film insulation, pay attention to the cold film around; the fourth is to set the front of the greenhouse in front of the roof in front of the cold ditch. Second, frost protection management measures In case of strong cooling weather in early spring season, the temperature of the greenhouse must be increased 1-2 days in advance to increase the heat storage in the shed. One is that if the temperature is low for a long time, the stove should be temporarily heated. The specific method is to add two stoves for each standard booth. Each stove is equipped with 10 to 12 flue tubes. The temperature control should be based on the principle of no frost damage to plants. The temperature must not rise too high, otherwise it will reduce the resistance of the plants. Second, fruit and vegetables should be timely harvested at a low temperature, and also be used for sparse fruit thinning to improve the resistance of the plants. Third, double membranes can be used for covering in strong and low temperature days. Shed film, short-term film can be covered indoors. Fourth, if the indoor drying can be properly watered after warming to a higher temperature after warming; five is the long duration of low temperature can be sprayed plant potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose and other plants to improve resistance. Third, low light management measures In continuous cloudy snow weather, automatic shutter machines are used to unfold the curtain at approximately 12 o'clock noon to receive 2-3 hours of scattered light to extend the lighting time of greenhouse vegetables; the second is to use 4-5 100W fluorescent lamps or 2 for each standard booth. - 3 biogas lamps or incandescent lamps for artificial light-up; third, timely pruning, snoring, removal of sick, old, residual leaves, improve lighting conditions in the shed; Fourth, add reflective screens in the shed to enhance the shed Light intensity; fifth is to clean the film and keep the film clean and light. Fourth, fertilizer and water management measures Watering in greenhouses and greenhouses in the early spring season should pay attention to the following points: First, the water temperature should be as high as possible, and the ground temperature should be as small as possible when watering. Generally, the use of well water is emphasized, and the transmission channels should not be too long. If water is used on the ground, The water must first be introduced into the greenhouse, preheated in the pool and then poured. In late spring, the ground temperature is relatively high, and the temperature of the well water is low. It must be preheated and then poured to prevent the plants from wilting. The second is to grasp the time to water, first of all, pay attention to the weather forecast before watering, watering should be selected sunny, after watering at least to ensure that there are 3 to 4 hours of sunny, watering in the morning after the curtain In order to narrow the gap between the temperature and the water temperature, there is also enough time after watering to increase the temperature and remove the water vapor. Third, the amount of watering should not be too large. Generally, watering will reduce the temperature of the ground. The greater the amount of watering, the greater the impact on the ground temperature. The fourth is to pay attention to reduce the air humidity after watering, can take the film under the furrow irrigation, surface irrigation, etc., in the closed greenhouse after watering, until the temperature rises, before and after noon venting temperature. Drip irrigation, especially drip irrigation under the membrane, can not only satisfy the water supply, but also not rapidly reduce the ground temperature. In winter greenhouse production, more farm organic fertilizers are needed, and chicken manure, pig manure, and human waste are all nutritionally adequate, but the calorie content is low. Horse excrement, donkey manure and cow dung have high calorie content and should be used in combination with as much as possible. V. Humidity management measures In cloudy snow weather, the shed is closed day and night, and the relative humidity of the air can reach more than 80%. Water film or water droplets form on the leaves of vegetables, often causing a disease pandemic. Preventive measures: 1, the choice of non-drip film, increase temperature and humidity, increase the amount of light transmission, increase the temperature of the greenhouse; 2, the use of high ridge width and width of the entire film cover cultivation, reduce the number of soil moisture evaporation and irrigation; 3, timely ventilation Ventilation, if the temperature drops too fast during ventilation, it is necessary to promptly close the vents to prevent a sudden drop in temperature to make the vegetables subject to low temperature hazards; 4, scientific watering, water depends on the weather forecast before, choose sunny, submerged irrigation Or drip irrigation, and to strictly control the amount of water to prevent excessive humidity in the shed. At the same time, it is necessary to control spraying and foliar fertilizers, and use aerosols or dusts for control when fighting drugs. Six, cloudy snow weather management measures In the early spring, when it encounters continuous cloudy snow weather, it is necessary to insist on uncovering the straw curtains at noon every day to increase scattered light. Attention should be paid to early fruit thinning and fruit thinning in order to reduce the nutrient consumption of plants and timely harvest the commodity fruit. Remember not to water and spray pesticides on cloudy snow days. VII. Management measures after continuous cloudy days After many days of continuous snowfall, once the weather is clear, it should be properly placed after 12 noon to prevent direct light. At the same time, the temperature management should be 3-4°C lower than normal to prevent excessive temperature rise and wilting of leaves. In the management of humidity, it is necessary to take a short time to lighten the wind and reduce the amount of transpiration of vegetables. 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