Picking and Breeding Methods of Lemon Broom
The lemon pods are evergreen arbors, up to 40 meters in height and 1.2 meters in diameter at breast height. They are tall and straight and dry, and their bark is smooth and white. It is known as "the fairies in the forest." Originating in Australia, China has introduced nearly 100 years of history. South China and Fujian, Zhejiang, Yunnan and Sichuan have been cultivated. Hi light, strong adaptability to the climate and soil, drought resistance, fast growth, and high yield, is an important afforestation tree species in South China. It is suitable for afforestation in the lower part of the hilly area of ​​the southern part of the province, afforestation of the coastal mesas and greening on all sides At the same time, it is also an important fast-growing tree species and a good aromatic oil tree species in the south.
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I. CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS Lemon creeper is a summer type tree species, which is extremely sensitive to temperature, high temperature and humid climate, and does not tolerate low temperatures. Suitable for annual temperatures below 18°C ​​and absolute minimum temperatures above 0°C. No frost or almost no frost throughout the year. Average monthly temperatures during April-September are above 21°C, average monthly rainfall above 1000 mm, relative temperature About 80% of the temperature and humidity conditions. On both sides of the Tropic of Cancer, it is required that the annual accumulated temperature be above 6500°C, and the deep red soil in the low hilly plain within the isotherm range with average annual temperature above 21°C. The lemon pods grow vigorously and produce a large amount of material, which is the main cultivation area. The annual accumulated temperature above 5000 °C, the average annual temperature of 18 °C above the isotherm range, can be adapted to local conditions, can be used as a marginal cultivation area, such as the area south of Shaoguan. Can withstand short-term -3 °C low temperature and light frost, but not cold. The development scope ranges from the subtropical South Asia to the gentle slopes and flatlands of North Asia. Annual rainfall above 500 mm can grow. Lemongrass is the most joyful tree species and natural pruning is very good. The leaves are concentrated at the top of the tree and the undergrowth is high. Where the temperature is above 0 °C can grow. Lax soil requirements, hi moist, deep and loose soil. In general acid soils, all soils with deep and loose soil, well-drained red soil, brick-red soil, yellow soil and alluvial soil all grow well. Birth diameter and height growth are faster in 1-8 years, and after 10 years, the volume increases rapidly, reaching a mature number in 18-25 years.
Second, the selection of the harvest should choose the tree trunk full of straight, small sharpness, no bifurcation, good flowering and strong performance, resistance to pests and diseases, strong wind resistance bark gray cyan 10-30 years of advantage of the wood as a mother tree , This type of lemon pod breeding ability is strong, flowering every March-April, November-December, once flowering long. The seeds mature from September to November and from June to July in the following year. After maturation, it does not fall off or crack. It can be cultivated throughout the year. When cooked, the pods become bottle-shaped, and the appearance changes from tender green to dark green and gray-brown. Litchi flowering and fruiting is earlier, planting can take 4 to 7 years after planting, and the fruiting period will reach 10-40 years. When the pod turns from blue to tan, it can be harvested. Seed ripening period from May to July, harvesting period from August to October. The mature fertilized seeds are full and firm, black and shiny, with high germination rates and good seed quality. After the seeds are harvested, they can be dried and threshed. Generally, the pods are placed on a clean floor or on a canvas or straw mat. After the pods dry, the pods can be cracked, and the seeds and pods fall off. The fallen seeds should be picked up every evening to prevent ant damage, rain, or excessive sunlight from affecting germination. The lemon capsule is sunk and the fruit flap needs to be exposed to sunlight for more than 20 hours before it is completely removed. After the seeds are removed, the impurities are turned over. For storage, it can be put in a cloth bag and placed in a dry, cool and ventilated place. The germination rate can be stored for 2 years. The seedling rate is 3%-4%, the seed germination rate is 70%-85%, the grain weight is 4.7 grams, and about 200,000 seeds per kilogram of seed.
Third, the seedling management of lemongrass growth speed is very fast, 1 year old seedlings up to 2-3 meters, the main root deep, fibrous roots less, with bare root seedlings afforestation survival rate is low. Therefore, small seedlings should be cultivated in the nursery and then transplanted into seedling bags for seedlings, with soil up the mountain, and the survival rate is high. The nursery requires careful preparation of the bed, and the sowing season can be planted at any time except during winter. After the seeds were sown, the soil was covered with grass. 4-6 days of germination, remove cover grass, 7-10 days can be removed shading shed. Apply a small amount of fertilizer (150 times urea) every 3-5 days. When the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, they can be transplanted. Put a small hole in the nursery bag filled with nutrient soil when putting on the bag, put the seedlings into compaction, set the root water. After rooting, fertilize once every 5-7 days. Pay attention to make up the seedlings and prevent pests and diseases. After 50-70 days, when the seedlings reach 15-25 cm, they can go mountain afforestation.
Fourth, the density of afforestation conservation depends on site conditions and business objectives. For the purpose of operating timber forests and good site conditions, 3×2 meters or 2×2 meters can be used; for the purpose of steaming oil and obtaining small diameter materials, 1×1 meter or 1×1.5 meter can be used; Available 4 × 2 meters or 5 × 2.5 meters; ribbon afforestation, the available plant spacing 2 × 1 m or 2 × 1.5 m, better afforestation. When planting, the seedling bags should be stripped, and the nutritious soil should be squeezed slightly into the hole. The cover soil should be 1-2 cm deeper than the original seedlings, compacted slightly, and do not use force to step on the roots. The light transmittance of the lemongrass is large, and it can be mixed with hardwood species such as eucalyptus and Taiwan Acacia. The effect is also good. Whether it can be a big deal or not, thinning is one of the key factors. The thinning is repeated for 3-4 years with 2-3 thinnings. After the thinning, a certain number of plants were reserved, with 70-80 strains of wood and 25-30 strains of mother trees. V. Pest Control The main pests and diseases are termites, red-footed beetles and ulcer disease, and seedling stem rot. Prevent termites, use poison baits to trap adult insects, and conduct soil disinfection. Ulcer disease damages the foliage, and it is necessary to repair the diseased branches, do a good job of drainage and irrigation, strengthen site management, and do a good job in field sanitation. Seedling stem rot can be removed by removing the diseased seedlings, and a 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture is sprayed at the base of the disease-free seedling stem. Red-legged beetle infests young seedlings and larvae can use 2-3 kilograms of trichlorfon powder per acre before sowing and mixes 20-30 kilograms of dry soil. It is evenly sprinkled on the topsoil and kills the soil larvae after plowing. For adult young trees, spray 90% trichlorfon or 80% dichlorvos emulsion.
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