Scientists discover that young blood has the magical power of rejuvenation
Release date: 2014-05-07 Studies published by two scientists on Sunday showed that the blood of young rats can reverse the aging of older rats and rejuvenate their muscles and brain. Related research may sound creepy, but experts say it may help with Alzheimer's sign and heart disease treatment. “I am very excited,†said Rudolph Tanzi, a professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School who was not involved in the aforementioned study. “These findings may make a big difference.†The study is based on a speculation that has been circulating for centuries that young people's blood may contain substances that rejuvenate the elderly. In the 1950s, Clive M. McCay of Cornell University and colleagues tested the concept of blood from young rats into older mice. To do this, they stitched the flank skins of the two rats together to connect them. After this step called heterogeneous symbiosis, blood vessels grow and the circulatory systems of the two mice fuse together. The blood of young rats has flowed into the body of aged rats, and the blood of old rats has also flowed into the young rats. Later, Dr. McCay and his colleagues dissected the body of the mouse and found that the cartilage of the aged mouse looked younger than its unexplored state. But these scientists cannot explain how this change happened. At the time, people did not have enough knowledge of the way the body regained its vitality. Later, it became clear that stem cells are critical to maintaining the vitality of the tissue. When the tissue is damaged, the stem cells will enter and generate new cells to replace the old cells that have lost their vitality. As people age, human stem cells will gradually decline. At the beginning of this century, scientists realized that stem cells did not die out in the aging tissues. “There are a lot of stem cells,†recalls Thomas A. Rando, a professor of neurology at the Stanford University School of Medicine. “They just didn’t receive the right signal.†Dr. Rando and his colleagues wanted to know what old stem cells would receive if bathed in young blood. In order to find the answer, they re-examined Dr. MacKay's experiment. The scientists connected old mice and young rats together and observed them after five weeks. In 2005, they reported that the muscles of old rats were almost as fast as young rats. In addition, older mice develop new hepatocytes at the rate of young rats. On the other hand, young rats are really premature. Their muscles heal more slowly, and stem cells are not transformed into new cells faster than they were before the experiment. This experiment shows that the blood of young rats contains some compounds that may wake up old stem cells and rejuvenate the aging tissues. Similarly, the blood of aged rats contains compounds that inhibit the vitality of young rats. Dr. Rando's team member, Amy J. Wagers, entered Harvard in 2004 and continued to study the blood of young rats. She is now an associate professor at Harvard. Last year, she and her colleagues proved that the blood of young rats can restore the vitality of the heart of aged rats. To determine which molecule this change is related to, Megs and colleagues tested the blood of mice and found that young mice contain a lot of protein called GDF11, which is less in older mice. To determine if GDF11 is a key factor in heterogeneous symbiotic effects, scientists created some of this protein and injected it into older mice. GDF11 alone can rejuvenate their heart. Weijiesi and his colleagues wondered if GDF11 played a role in revitalizing other organizations. In this issue of Science, they described an experiment on skeletal muscles in mice. It was found that GDF11 rejuvenates stem cells in the muscles of aged rats, enhances the physique of older rats, and prolongs their lifespan. Researchers at Stanford University have studied whether the blood of young rats can alter the brain function of older rats. In 2011, Saul Villeda, a graduate student at the time, and colleagues said that the answer is yes. After receiving the blood of young rats, the hippocampus of aged rats will produce a large number of new neurons. The hippocampus is a region of the brain that plays a key role in the formation of memory. In an article published in Nature Medicine on Sunday, Bilida and colleagues, who are now researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, disclosed more details and explained The effect of blood from young rats on the brains of aged rats. Bileda and colleagues found that after the heterogeneous symbiosis process, neurons in the hippocampus of aged rats grew new connections. Then, in addition to the heterogeneous symbiosis, they also removed the cells and platelets in the blood of young rats, and injected the remaining plasma into the aged mice. This injection significantly improved the performance of older rats in memory testing. The team at Weijies has been studying a special area of ​​the brain that is related to olfaction. In another article published in the journal Science, their team pointed out that heterogeneous symbiosis can stimulate the growth of blood vessels in the brain. The new blood promotes the growth of neurons and gives older rats a more sensitive sense of smell. After linking GDF11 protein to skeletal muscle and heart resuscitation, Weijies and colleagues also studied whether this protein is involved in brain changes. They injected a single GDF11 into the mouse and found that it promoted the growth of blood vessels and neurons in the brain, although the changes were not as pronounced as the heterogeneous symbiosis. Dr. Richard M. Ransohoff, head of the Neuroinflammation Research Center at the Cleveland Clinic, said, "There are no conflicts between the two teams. This is very Exhilarating." Lanshofer and others hope that mice-based experiments can be derived from human-based research to determine whether human-derived GDF11 or other molecules in the blood of young people can have similar effects on older people. "We can make time back, not just let it slow down," Dr. Torun Finkel, head of the Center for Molecular Medicine Research at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (Dr. Toren Finkel) said. "If it succeeds, this will be a good idea." Source: bio360
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