Tobacco field winter farming production manual
Winter tobacco field consolidation mainly includes tobacco stalk removal, plot selection, and tobacco field winter ploughing. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
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The tobacco stalks are removed. The stalk removal work is usually carried out immediately after the end of the baking, and the time is about October. For smaller plots, small tractors are generally used for picking up the straw. For the contiguous tobacco fields, the tobacco farmers' professional cooperative service platform can be used, and the large-scale machinery can be used to carry out the stalk removal work, which can save costs on the one hand and improve work efficiency on the other hand.
Plot selection. The selection of plots is generally carried out after the end of the tobacco leaf purchase in November each year. The choice of land parcels is the focus of tobacco leaf production planning. If the plot selection is not good, it will directly affect the quality of tobacco production throughout the year. In the process of plot selection, we must always eliminate the plots with poor natural ecological conditions, frequent diseases and poor infrastructure conditions, and choose a square with good ecological conditions, good water source conditions, suitable fore crops, and complete infrastructure. The plot of the piece.
Winter ploughing in tobacco fields. The winter ploughing time in the tobacco field should be carried out before the snow seals, and the specific time is usually from November to mid-December. The quality of winter ploughing in tobacco fields will directly affect the quality of tobacco production throughout the year. It has a good effect of bactericidal, disease prevention, water storage and preservation. In the operation process, it must be operated by large-scale machinery. The depth of winter ploughing should be more than 28 cm. The soil plowing layer should be completely broken to ensure the good purification of the soil environment and ensure the quality of tobacco production in the coming year.
Do you have to clean up the tobacco stems, weeds, etc. in the field? What should I pay attention to?
After the tobacco leaves are harvested, the tobacco stalks, weeds and other debris must be cleaned up in time. On the one hand, many pathogens will remain in the residues and weeds of the tobacco plants in the field. If they are not removed in time, pests and diseases will become popular on the lower crops. On the other hand, after the tobacco leaves are harvested, the weeds and tobacco plants in the tobacco fields will continue to grow, and they will be removed from the tobacco fields to better preserve the nutrients in the soil.
There are a few things to keep in mind when cleaning up the smoke fields:
Do not use herbicide weeding. It is not advisable for individual farmers to use field herbicides to clear field weeds after harvesting tobacco leaves. Because most herbicides cause tobacco phytotoxicity, and the herbicides remain in the field for a long time. For example, the residual time of quinclorac in soil and plants is as long as 360 days, which is a long-lasting hazard to tobacco production.
To completely remove the residue of the tobacco plant. Tobacco pests and diseases are mainly caused by the residue of diseased plants. Many pathogens can survive for about two years under the conditions of water and drought rotation. In addition, tobacco mosaic virus and tobacco ring spot virus can overwinter on the residual debris of tobacco leaves and soil residues, and become the source of viral infection in tobacco in the coming year. There are three main points to keep in mind during the cleanup process: First, the tobacco stems and tobacco roots cannot be left in the field and mixed into the soil; second, the tobacco stems and unsuitable waste tobacco leaves cannot be stacked on the edge of the field, on the ground, or on the side of the ditch. Natural rot flows into the tobacco field with surface water; third, it is impossible to mix the residue of the tobacco plant into the farmyard manure. In addition, the tobacco leaves inside and outside the baking room should be cleaned up and destroyed in a timely manner to reduce the pests and winters.
What kind of land can you choose to ensure production and quality?
Tobacco leaves are highly adaptable to the plot and can grow on many types of plots. However, in order to obtain high-yield and high-quality tobacco leaves, the choice of plots is very particular.
Choose a plot of suitable soil type. In production, the soil is usually divided into three types: sand, clay and loam. The loam is most suitable for growing tobacco. This kind of soil has many powders, proper sand and clay ratio, moderate particle size, and the advantages of sand and clay soil. Moreover, the cultivation layer is deep and the soil layer is loose, which has strong water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, and has certain drainage and ventilation properties. The cultivation of tobacco on this soil is conducive to the formation of a large number of roots in tobacco plants and enhances the ability to absorb water and fertilizer.
Choose a plot of suitable pH. Tobacco leaves do not require high pH values, and can grow in plots with pH values ​​of 4 to 9, but the growth of high-quality tobacco leaves has stricter requirements on pH. Tobacco leaves prefer to grow on slightly acidic to neutral soils. It is best to choose a soil with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5.
Choose the appropriate plot for your mouth. It is not allowed to plant tobacco leaves on the same land for years, which will cause excessive soil fertility consumption, affecting the normal growth and development of tobacco plants, and easily cause pests and diseases. In severe cases, the whole tobacco field can cause death. Land plots such as Solanaceae crops and vegetables are also not suitable for growing tobacco.
Choose the right land. The sunny land plot has high ground temperature and long sunshine time, which is conducive to the growth of tobacco plants and the accumulation of dry matter in tobacco leaves, which can improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, when planting tobacco, you should choose a plot with a slightly higher terrain but relatively flat, small slope and ventilated sun.
Choose a plot with sufficient water. After entering the prolonged period, the tobacco plant has a strong vitality and increased water consumption. Therefore, when choosing a plot of tobacco, you should choose a good irrigation condition.