[Inventory] These 4 cool apps for people with visual impairments

Thanks to advances in artificial intelligence, smartphones are revolutionizing the care of the visually impaired. From diagnosis to “recovery”, smartphones are committed to providing a full range of services to blind users.

Can you imagine that after 700 years of the advent of glasses, there are still 2.5 billion people in the world with poor eyesight and no vision correction? In order to let blind or visually impaired patients see the light again, generation after generation of scientists are constantly exploring and researching. With the continuous advancement of technology, various smart phone APPs and related products have emerged as the times require, bringing good news to people with visual impairment. In addition, because smartphone apps are simple to operate and highly accessible, many eye diseases in developing countries or remote villages can be diagnosed and treated professionally.

Various apps that use smartphones to combat vision loss can provide vision-related emergency care for remote areas that are far from the hospital and lack doctors. In recent years, such apps and mobile gadgets have sprung up. The vision care program can use the smartphone screen to display vision test images, use the camera to find the damage site, use computing power to process the image, and use wireless connectivity to bridge the gap between field workers and remote experts. Introducing the following of the most successful smartphone apps and their accessories, let us see how they help the blind to live better.

Peek Retina is a smartphone app and lens accessory developed by Peek Vision to capture sharp images at the back of the eye.

Guide phone Aipoly

One of the most ambitious technologies is Aipoly in Melbourne, Australia, where the app recognizes objects and describes them in seven languages. According to the company's co-founders Alberto Rizzoli and Marita Cheng, their inspiration comes from blind friends who are beginning to lose sight in middle age. “Although they are already invisible, they still remember the physical world in their surroundings and remember the colors of the surrounding plants and trees,” Rizzoli said. He especially remembers an older friend. "When I was a child, I would always follow him and tell him what is going on around him."

Other visual apps, such as TapTapSee, use cloud-based servers to process images. Such apps require a wireless connection, so there are seconds of delay. Aipoly uses an AI called Convolutional Neural Network and runs directly on the phone. It doesn't require a Wi-Fi connection, it's much faster than a cloud-based app, and it recognizes up to 7 images per second. Aipoly also uses the phone's CPU and GPU to perform multitasking. Nardo Manaloto, an artificial intelligence engineer and medical care consultant (not affiliated with Aipoly) said, "Technology has always only evolved in a better direction, so these AI-like APPs will eventually become the market's main force."

The tester feedback, Aipoly can correctly identify various items, such as microwave ovens and champagne glasses (of course, it can only say "cup"), etc., can identify Apple as "fruit." For animals, it can even correctly identify the "tiger cat" several times, although it once recognized the cat as an "elephant."

Aipoly not only recognizes the animal correctly, but also recognizes its variety (the success rate is uncertain)

The next version of the app is expected to be available by the end of this year, and the new version will improve recognition capabilities, increasing the number of recognition objects from 1,000 to 5,000. In addition, it will also reduce power usage and extend the supported handsets to older iPhones and Android phones outside the iPhone 6 and 6s. Currently, users can already identify new objects through the data upload and update teaching APP. Aipoly is also testing a new device that connects a smartphone to a camera-equipped eyewear, so users don't have to hold their phones all the time.

Medicine Peptides

Medicine Peptides and protein drugs are emerging. There are now 35 important therapeutics on the market, and the development of biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies is becoming increasingly global. Biotechnology drug research focuses on the application of DNA recombinant technology to develop peptides, proteins, enzymes, hormones, vaccines, cell growth factors and monoclonal antibodies that can be used in clinical applications. According to Parexl's Pharmaceutical R&D Statistical Source Book, there are currently 723 biotech drugs under FDA review (including phase â…° to iii clinical and FDA evaluation), 700 drugs are in early stage (research and preclinical). More than 200 additional drugs are in the final stage of approval (Phase iii clinical and FDA evaluation). The basic dosage form of biotech drugs is lyophilized. Although the efficacy of conventional preparations has long been clinically proven, they need to be injected frequently for a long time due to their short half-life, which is difficult to accept from the perspective of psychological and economic burden on patients. To this end, scholars around the world mainly from two aspects to study and develop convenient and reasonable drug delivery approaches and new preparations: (1) embedment agent and sustained-release injection. â‘¡ Non-injectable dosage forms, such as respiratory inhalation, rectal administration, nasal administration, oral administration and transdermal administration, etc. Injectable preparations of sustained-release biotechnological drugs are new dosage forms with promising applications. Some of them, such as microsphere injections of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues which can be sustained-release for 1 to 3 months, have been on the market. This paper focuses on this kind of preparations.Main types of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations The research and development of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations can be divided into two types, namely, embedment agent and microsphere injection, from the perspective of development process and dosage form. The shape of the implant is a hollow micro-fine rod, one end is closed, the other end is open, and the rod material is non-biodegradable polymer such as ptfe. The lumen was filled with a mixture of drugs and silica gel (silastic, polydimethylsiloxane). The implant is embedded under the skin, and the drug is released slowly through the opening of silica gel matrix. The American Physicians' Handbook (PDR) contains a product called Norplant? Levo-18 ethyl norethinnes, used in family planning. The preparation, each with a diameter of 2.4 mm and a length of 34 mm, is surgically implanted in the inner side of the patient's upper arm with 6 thin rods. The drug can be released in the body in zero-grade mode for up to 5 years, and then removed by surgery after release,1.1.2 Micro-osmotic pump embedding agent The United States Alza company in the 1970s developed an embedding agent shaped like a capsule, which is embedded in the skin or other parts. The body fluid can penetrate through the shell, dissolve the interlayer electrolytic layer, make the volume expansion of the interlayer pressure to the plastic inner cavity, and promote the drug solution from the opening of the fixed speed release. Many biomolecular drugs, such as insulin, heparin and nerve growth factor, have been reported as model drugs in vivo and in vitro. Implants have positive significance for the treatment of chronic patients who need long-term medication, but it has the following defects: â‘  must be surgically implanted. â‘¡ The skeleton material of the preparation is non-biodegradable polymer, which needs to be removed by surgery after release. â‘¢ The preparation has irritation and discomfort in local tissues. Evaluation methods for polypeptide protein drugs: 1. Liquid chromatography 2. Spectroscopic 3. Solvent-based versions are easy to use, but need to be kept at low temperatures (2-8 degrees Celsius).

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