Dense planting orchard transformation precautions

The excessive planting density, the deterioration of the light in the park, the shifting of the resulting parts, the decline in fruit quality, and the decline in production efficiency are common problems in China's apple production. For the thinning of old orchards, attention should be paid to the following matters.

First, the best stay in the tree in the orchard, the results of different individuals is not the same, both the differences between the varieties, but also the difference between plants. Some plants are harmed due to pests and diseases, especially after rot disease damage, resulting in the impediment to the transportation of the substances in the plants. As a result, the ability to decline is reduced.

Thoroughly clearing the thinning objects For the identified thinning objects, all the branches, stems, and roots on the ground and underground shall be completely removed. The branches on the tree body may be sawed first, then the main trunk may be excavated, and the roots may be removed to prevent the roots. The rot spreads and protects the roots of the plants that remain.

III. Backfilling of tree points Because of the long-term growth of the trees, nutrients in the tree holes are consumed in large quantities, and toxic substances are accumulated in a large amount. This is very unfavorable for the growth of fruit trees. You can use backfill opportunities to apply a large amount of organic fertilizer to the holes. Embed the weeds to supplement the soil nutrients; fill the holes with intercropping and optimize the soil structure within the holes.

Fourth, to strengthen the management of the plant left after the first 1 to 2 years after the thinning, the park's output decreased slightly, and the recovery of production is the top priority of the management of the felling park. Production should focus on the following tasks:

1. Strengthen tree management. After the thinning of the apple orchard tree management should highlight the following:

(1) Downplay the idea of ​​tree shape and transform the control goals. The apple orchard for thinning should aim at improving production, quality, and profitability. It should not be constrained by the traditional concept. It should be based on the purpose of “visible and intangible” and because of the tree shape, do not overemphasize the tree shape. The branches of the plants opened at an angle, the branches were full, and the skeleton was firm. As a result, the branches drooped were high-yielding trees.

(2) Make full use of the shoots of the remaining plants to increase the number of branches in the garden. When thinning and renovating apple tree orchard control, the branches should be mainly long-distance, with as few branches or branches as possible. As the plants in the apple orchard have been cleared by the thinning, enough light has been released and the overall illumination is optimized. The remaining branches can be fully bathed. For the long branches, the transformation of the branches should be carried out as far as possible and the results should be changed to 1 to 2 after thinning. During the year, the amount of mu trees was restored to 70,000 to 80,000 to form a new result group.

(3) Intensify the culture of pendulous shoots. The drooping shoot results are in line with the growth characteristics of apple and are beneficial to the accumulation of photosynthetic products. Due to the effect of gravity on the earth, the fruit shape is positive and the quality is good. At the same time, after the drooping of the branches, the light conditions in the garden can be improved. It may be possible to cultivate the results. For the branches that are drawn on the branches, implement the long-term, long-term, and long-term management measures, cultivate into strong and strong branches, and then transform them into branches with sags, which is the core of improving production and quality. Measures should be given great attention in production.

2. Fertilize the soil. The soil fertility status directly determines the apple production efficiency. After the thinning and reforming, the apple orchard should take fertigation soil as one of the breakthroughs in improving the production efficiency and make every effort to tackle the problem. The focus should be on the following measures:

(1) Where there are farmyard fertilizers, farmyard fertilizer should be applied. After thinning, the apple orchard should ensure that the amount of mu applied is about 5,000 kg, or 50 to 100 kg of biogas residues can be applied to the apple orchards. Where there is a shortage of fertilizers in farms, commodity organic fertilizer should be used to ensure that the amount of mu applied is about 500 kg, which lays a good foundation for efficient production.

(2) In areas rich in crop stalks, straw mulching is promoted. This is an effective measure to increase soil organic matter. Crop stalks are covered in tree trays, tree rows, or in whole gardens. After 2 to 3 years of rot, burying them in soil can significantly increase soil organic matter content, which is very advantageous for apple production.

(3) For grass cultivation, place where water is poured. Through the interplanting of grasses such as clover and ryegrass, which are grown in shallow roots, they can be cut through the growing season to cover the tree or directly overturned to increase soil organic matter content.

3. Strengthen security and prevent tree weakness. In northern China, low precipitation and drought deficiency are one of the main factors that result in debilitating tree growth and affect yield and quality. After the thinning, apple orchards should intensify conservation measures to improve soil conservation through the implementation of orchards and grass cover and mulching measures. The water utilization rate ensures that the tree grows robustly.

4. Protect the leaves and increase the accumulation of photosynthate. Strengthen the prevention and control of harmful leaf pests, ensure the integrity of leaves, and increase the ability to produce photosynthetic products. Foliar supplementation was performed in the autumn to prolong the growth time of functional leaves, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products and increase tree nutrients.

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