Non-pollution Cultivation Techniques of Zucchini Greenhouse
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Variety selection: It is advisable to select early-maturing and short-mangoed varieties, such as the early green generation, the early morning 1, the gray cicada, the Qishan 2, and the breeder. A nursery, seedbeds ready to build seedbeds in a greenhouse, the seedbed is flat, 1.2 meters wide and 10 centimeters deep. Nursery with nutritious soil can be fertile Datian soil 6 copies, 4 rounds of decomposed fertilizer, mixed sieving. Each cubic meter of nutritious soil plus 15 milligrams of cooked chicken manure, superphosphate 2 kilograms, 10 kilograms of plant ash (or 3 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer), 50% carbendazim WP 80 grams. Mix thoroughly. Prepare the nutritious soil into nutrients or paper bags. After loading the soil, nutrition is tightly packed on the seedbed. Second, the sowing period overwintering Zucchini sowing time for the upper and middle ten months. Third, seed treatment requires 400 to 500 grams per 666.7 square meters. Seeds of zucchini are exposed to sunlight for several hours and carefully selected before sowing. Place 55-60°C warm water in the container, stir the seeds into the water for 15 minutes, and stop mixing until the water temperature drops to 30°C. Soak for 3-4 hours. After soaking, the seeds are removed from the water, spread out, dried for 10 minutes, and then wrapped in a clean damp cloth, placed under 28-30°C for germination, and sprouted after 1 or 2 days. Fourth, sowing more than 70% of the seeds "sprout" can be sown. When sowing seedlings, water is poured on the nutrient pods (or seedbeds) first. After water is soaked, one or two seeds are sowed in each pod. After the broadcast, cover the earth 1.5 to 2.0 cm thick. Then spray 50% phoxim EC on the cover soil 800 times to control the underground pests. 5. After the seedbed management is sown, the bed surface is covered with a plastic film and a small arch shed. The seedbed temperature before exhumation is 28 to 30°C during the day and 16 to 20°C during the night to promote seedling emergence. When the seedlings were unearthed, the bed mulch was removed in time to prevent leggy. After unearthing, the first true leaf was unfolded, and the seedbed temperature was 20-25°C during the day and 10-15°C at night. After the first true leaf is formed, it is maintained at 22-26°C during the day and 13-16°C at night. Drought in the seedling stage can be watered with small amounts of water, but it is generally not top-dressing, but it can be used for foliar dressing when the leaves are yellow. 5 days before planting, gradually increase the ventilation, about 20 °C during the day, about 10 °C at night, cooling and hardening seedlings. Planting, site preparation, fertilization, and ridge cultivation Each 666.7 square meters of applied high-quality rot 5 to 6 cubic meters of manure, 2000 to 3000 kilograms of chicken manure, and 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, and can also increase the application of cake fertilizer, 150 kilograms per 666.7 square meters. Spread the fertilizer evenly on the ground, deepen 30 cm deep, and level the floor. After fertilization, the plastic film is fastened from late September to early October. 15 to 20 days prior to colonization, 4 kg of chlorothalonil smoke agent was used to smoke 1 kg of 666.7 square meters, and the greenhouse was tightly sealed and sterilized at high temperature for about 10 days. There are two kinds of planting methods for ridging cultivation: one way is to plant large and small rows, 80 cm in big rows, 50 cm in small rows, 45 to 50 cm in plant spacing, 2000 to 2300 plants per 666.7 square meters, and the other is equal spacing. Planting, row spacing 60 cm, plant spacing 50 cm, planting 2200 per 666.7 square meters. Raised by row spacing, ridge height 15 to 20 cm. Second, the planting seedlings carefully from the seedbed, in the middle of the ridge according to the spacing requirements of the ditch or open the hole, the first Fangmiao and buried a small amount of soil to fix the root system, and then watering, water infiltration after the cover and compaction. Planting depth should not be too deep. Immediately after planting, the mulch film was covered, and all the ridges and ridges were covered with mulch. After planting, management, temperature control, seedling stage, no ventilation, closed to increase the temperature, promote early rooting, early seedlings. During the day, the temperature of the greenhouse should be maintained at 25 to 30°C, and at night at 18 to 20°C. When the greenhouse temperature exceeds 30°C during the sunny days, a small amount of ventilation can be used at the top window. The seedling temperature during daytime is controlled at 20-25°C during the day and 12-15°C at night, which promotes the development of the root system of the plants, which is conducive to female flower differentiation and early sedentary melons. After sitting on the melon, increase the temperature during the day to 22 ~ 26 °C, 15 ~ 18 °C at night, the minimum is not less than 10 °C, increase the temperature difference between day and night, is conducive to nutrient accumulation and melon expansion. Temperature control measures are mainly on time to cover grasshoppers, timely ventilation and so on. In the winter season, the sun should be used to increase the temperature in the daytime and cover the insulation at night. After covering the grasshoppers, it can be covered with a plastic film. Clean the scraps of grass and dust on the film immediately after the cover is removed to increase the light transmittance. An aluminum plated light curtain can also be attached to the rear pillar to increase the lighting in the rear of the shed. Second, the plant adjustment 1, hanging vines on semi-traffic varieties, in the plant when there are more than 8 leaves to hang vines and tied vines. The growth of plants in the field is often of different heights. It is necessary to carry out whole vines, support weak and strong, and make the plants uniform in height and shade without shading each other. The lateral buds formed on the main vines must be removed at any time when hanging vines and vines. 2. When the height of vines and vines is high, the collection of the lower fruits should be promptly settled to make the plants and leaves evenly distributed. When falling, remove the lower leaves and yellow leaves. When removing old yellow leaves, the wound should be far away from the main vine to prevent the bacteria from infecting the wound. 3, Baoguo winter season, low temperatures, low pollinating insects, squash without sexual intercourse, often caused by poor pollination caused by falling flowers or melon. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct artificial pollination or treatment with hormones such as decanoside in order to ensure that it is sitting on the melon. The method is to remove the male flowers that are open on the day from 9 to 10 am, remove the corolla, and gently apply on the female stigma. It is also possible to use a 30 to 40 PPM anti-dropping agent to apply the primary flower stalk. Third, the fertilizer and water management after planting, according to the situation of a watering time Huanmiao, promote slow seedlings. After easing the seedlings, control the watering before sitting on the roots. When the melon is about 10 centimeters long, pour water once, and then apply 20 kg of diammonium phosphate or 25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer per 666.7 m2 of water. During the winter, about 15 to 20 days, once the water, watering should not be too large, and take the film under the dark water. Each time the water can be topped with two times, with 666.7 square meters of water per application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 10 to 15 kg, to select sunny morning watering, to avoid watering in the cloudy snow days. After the watering, when the temperature of the greenhouse rises to 28°C, the ventilation openings are vented. In case of heavy snowfall or high humidity in the shed, dust or aerosols can be used to prevent and control the disease. After mid-to-late and mid-February, water is poured once every 10 days to 12 days. Each time, 66 kg nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers are topdressed with 15 kg of water, or 300 kg of manure and manure are decomposed. At the later stage of the plant growth, photosynthetic fertilizers and foliar treasures can be sprayed on the leaves. Fourth, CO2 fertilization in winter and spring due to low temperature, low ventilation, if the organic fertilizer is insufficient, prone to carbon dioxide deficiency, carbon dioxide fertilizer can be applied to meet the needs of photosynthesis; commonly used ammonium bicarbonate and sulfuric acid reaction method, carbonic acid The amount of ammonium bicarbonate used is 3 to 5 grams per square meter during the deep winter season, and 5 to 7 grams per square meter after mid-to-late February, so that the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide reaches around 1000PPM. V. Harvesting of zucchini to eat tender melons mainly, 10 to 12 days after flowering, root melons reach 250 grams harvesting, harvesting too late will affect the growth of the second melon, and sometimes also cause melons. Plants that grow vigorously tend to keep more melons and leave large melons. Appropriate plants harvest the melons later. Weak growing plants should keep melons and melons early. Take care not to damage the main vine when picking, and try to stay on the main vine as much as possible. Diseases and pests without pollution prevention First, the main types of pests and diseases The main diseases of the squash are: powdery mildew, gray mold, virus disease, bacterial leaf blight and physiological diseases, pests are: aphids, whitefly, red spider, America Liriomyza and other species. Second, pollution-free comprehensive prevention and control technology should master the law of occurrence of various diseases under different cultivation environments, adopting disease-resistance varieties and cultivating disease-free strong seedlings as the basis, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission in and out of the facility, reduce air humidity, and strengthen fertilizer and water supply. Management, combined with comprehensive technologies for biological control and rational use of highly efficient, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides. Should also avoid heavy mashing, and spinach, leeks, cabbage and other rotation can reduce the damage of L. sativae. 1. Select anti-disease varieties such as early-young generation, Qishan No. 2, fiddlers, Yizao No. 1, Tianjin 25, and other antiviral diseases and powdery mildew. 2, to cultivate disease-free strong seedlings (1) with disease-free seeds and seed disinfection. Harvest seeds from disease-free fields, seed disinfection with 10% trisodium phosphate soaked for 20 minutes, rinse after water sowing, or use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, soak for 30 minutes, rinse with water, dry after sowing . (2) Use seedless soil nursery or seed bed soil disinfection. Use disease-free new soil or disinfect soil as a nutritional seedling. Seedbed soil treatment, using 50% carbendazim or 50% thiram WP, 5 to 10 grams per square meter. (3) Strengthen seedbed management. In summer and autumn, nursery nets or shade nets are used to cover nursery crops to prevent aphids and other diseases and spread viral diseases. Sowing density should not be too large, cotyledon period seedlings or grafting, and appropriate ventilation to prevent seedlings grow. 3, the implementation of scientific field management (1) clean up the garden, remove the broken leaves, burned or buried, weeding the field side weeds, basal fertilizer after deep-turning the soil 30 cm, in order to reduce the bacteria source. (2) Cultivation with sorghum and covering mulch, micro-drip irrigation or under-membrane under-irrigation technology in winter, evaporative non-drip membrane for protection facilities cultivation, control of indoor temperature and humidity, timely ventilation, proper control of watering, pouring After the water is drained in time to control the disease. (3) In a timely manner, the diseased leaves, diseased melons and old leaves should be removed promptly and carried deep outside the field. The open field squash should be cultivated and weeded in time to loosen the soil. (4) Protection of Zucchini temperature and humidity management. Sunlight greenhouses and greenhouse squash require no more than 2 hours of condensation or condensation on the foliage. After the sunrise in the morning, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 25 to 30°C, and the maximum temperature is not to exceed 33°C. The humidity should be about 75%. During the afternoon and afternoon, the temperature dropped to 20 to 25°C, the humidity dropped to about 70%, and the shed was closed in the evening. The night-to-early morning low temperature can be reduced to 11 to 12°C. If the temperature reaches 13°C or above, it can be ventilated overnight. Reduce the humidity in the shed. Watering should be carried out in the sunny morning, after the shed is poured, the temperature rises to 35-40°C, and the air is slowly released after being stuffy for 1 hour. In case of continuous rain, watering should be controlled. (5) During the agricultural operation, the diseased plants should be separated from the healthy plants to prevent transmission of the virus, or after the diseased plants are used, wash hands with soapy water and then operate on the healthy plants. 4. Control of biological measures (1) Yellow plates are used to trap and kill whitefly, aphids, and Liriomyza sativae in the protected area, and can also be released to control whiteflies. (2) 1% agricultural anti-wuycin can be used to control gray mold and powdery mildew from 150 to 200 times; 2% of bacillus gram (Ningnanmycin) can be used to control virus disease in the early stage of disease; The .9% Insecticide Coat EC is 3000 times more effective in controlling leafhoppers and in the treatment of L. sativae. The use of 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times and neophytin 4000 times prevented bacterial leaf blight. 5. Control of chemical agents (1) Protection against powdery mildew can use 45% of chlorothalonil smoke agent 666.7 square meters with 250 grams, or 5% of chlorothalonil dust agent 666.7 square meters with 1 kg; prevention of gray mold available 6.5 % Wan Yu Ling uses 1 kg per 666.7 square meters. To control powdery mildew and gray mold, we can use 65% triamcinolone wettable powder 800 times, or 28% gray moldy WP 500 times, or 50% fasting wettable powder 600 to 800 times. Or 50% acetaminophen WP 600 times. With the use of anti-decantin, etc., adding 0.1% of 50% Sulfuron and 28% of Botrytis cinerea in the drug solution can reduce the occurrence of gray mold; 50% use of copper carboxylate (DT) wettable powder 400 times liquid or 25% wet dry powder 500 times liquid to prevent bacterial leaf blight. (2) In the early stage of virus disease, it can be used as a 1.5% solution of 600 times fluid, or 20% of virus A WP 500 times, or 5% of bacteriostatic water 200 to 300 times or 1000 times of potassium permanganate. Liquid and love more than 6000 times mixed spray control. (3) Control of aphids and Liriomyza sativae can use 10% Dagongchen WP 1000 times liquid, or 2.5% Uranus WP 2000 times, or 2.5% Kungfu EC 2000 times. Third, the chemical control of safe drug standards Because the zucchini is a continuous harvest of vegetable crops, in order to ensure food safety, pollution-free, in the use of pesticides to control pests and diseases should do the following: (1) strictly in accordance with the safety interval, concentration, application Medication method medication. (2) To avoid the application of picking time, it is necessary to pick and then apply the pesticide. (3) The use of chemical pesticides is strictly prohibited 7 days before harvesting. Biological agents or natural enemies should be the preferred choice. (4) alternating use of drugs, it is necessary to alternately use different types of pesticides to control pests and diseases. (5) The product should pass the pesticide residue test