Muddy cultivation techniques
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1. Broodstock selection. Muddy generally 2 winters (after 2 winters) reach sexual maturity. Sexually mature broodstock are spawned in batches from April to September. They are the most prosperous from May to July, so artificial breeding of larvae should be carried out during this time. When the water temperature is stable at 22 °C, choose a healthy, disease-free and injury-free, more body mucus, female body length 10 cm, weight 18 grams or more, male body length 8 cm, weight 12 grams or more for the broodstock. Male and female identification methods are: female pectoral fins wide and short, the end is round; male pectoral fins large and narrow, long-tip microbend, the second fin base with a thin slice of bone, the market selling mud, not much mucus It is not recommended to be a broodstock if they are kept for too long.
2. Incubation hatching. Reproductive methods include natural spawning and artificial insemination. Irrespective of the method used, hormone injection should be given. The dose was 0.5 to 1 per pup of carp pituitary or 100 to 150 international units of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in each female scorpion, and was formulated with 0.1 ml of saline solution or distilled water. Heroic is halved. The injection site is the back muscle or midline of the abdomen with a depth of 1 mm. If natural spawning, after the hormone injection, according to the ratio of male to female 2:1 or 3:1 into a large water tank or small fish pond, can also be placed in the pond water body incubator made with 40-mesh sieve. A fish nest is made from brown or willow roots in the pool (box). After spawning, fish out in time to prevent the broodstock from swallowing eggs. The eggs that adhere to the fish nest naturally hatch in place. After 1 to 2 days (water temperature 24 °C or so) can emerge.
3. Sapling cultivation. Mud seedlings hatched 3 days later should be transferred to nursery ponds in a timely manner, 2 to 800 per 1000 rice seedlings, water and fertilizer pool more than appropriate. The area of ​​nursery ponds should not be too large, preferably 50 to 100 meters. In the pool, fish should be digging and the depth of the pool should be 20-30 cm. Disinfect and clear the pond before stocking, and apply livestock organic fertilizer to cultivate food organisms. In the initial stage of stocking, only water is filled in the fish slip. After the habit of seedlings, the water is poured into the ground to the planned depth and the whole seedlings are distributed. Start feeding the cooked egg yolk, fish meal, milk powder, soy milk and other fine baits, a few days later with boiled glutinous rice, five rice flour, wheat flour, vegetable leaves and other plant foods, after mixing minced fish, snail meat Animal feeds are fed. Feeding 3 to 4 times a day, the initial feeding amount is 2% to 5% of the total weight of the loach, and 8% to 10% in the later period. After feeding for about 1 month on the nursery, the body is as long as 3 to 4 centimeters and the body weight is 0 to 4 to 0.5 grams. When the habit of drilling mud begins, the pups can be placed in ponds, rice fields or water tanks for feeding. .
Second, adult breeding
1. Ponds raise crickets. The area of ​​ponds depends on the scale of farming, which is generally 100 to 250 square meters and the depth of the pond is 0.7 to 1 meter. Bricks and stones can be used. The day of entry and exit should be surrounded by barbed wire or plastic mesh. The bottom of the tank should be inclined slightly toward the outlet for drainage and fishing. After the pond is built, it is leveled with cement. After solidification, it is put into the mud 25 to 30 cm deep and filled with water 30 to 50 cm deep. After every 100 m 2, dissolve 7 to 10 kg of lime and add water to dissolve. Clear pond disinfection to kill parasites, pathogens, and improve mud properties and increase calcium fertilizer efficiency. After clearing the pond 7 days later, the young can be released into the pond for feeding. 2 to 3 surfaces per metre of rice can be stocked with 50 to 60 tails of 3 to 4 cm long (about 25 grams total weight).
Artificial feeding mud loach can feed animal feeds such as locusts, cockroaches, small miscellaneous fish, carcasses, fish meal, livestock and poultry waste, and plant foods such as wheat bran, rice bran, bean dregs, and dried cakes. Feeding amount depends on the water quality, weather, and feeding conditions and generally accounts for 5%~10% of the total weight of the loach. It's best to feed once every morning and evening. When the water temperature drops below 15°C or rises to above 30°C and thunderstorms are hot and sultry, do not feed. During the bait season, fertilization should be carried out based on the water quality and the plankton should be cultivated. When hot water temperature reaches 30 °C, new water must be replaced in time and the depth should be increased to reduce the water temperature and prevent "floating head".
2. Rice field raises crickets. Before restocking, properly reinforce the field ridges, and install metal fences at the entrance and exit to prevent mud escaping. One or more pits with an area of ​​2 to 3 m 2 and a depth of 60 cm or more are excavated in the field. Connected with the pit, it opened several vertical and horizontal grooves, and its width and depth were 30-40 cm. The total area of ​​pits and trenches accounts for 1.5% to 2% of the paddy field area. It can be used as a habitat for shallow water or hot water in rice fields, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and loach in rice fields. It also facilitates centralized fishing.
Restocking time is appropriate after rice is planted for the first time in the field, and the larvae with a tail weight of 0.4-0.5 g can lay 10 kg (2 to 25,000) per 667 m2. Appropriately feed some bran, dried cake, bran, silkworm cocoon powder, animal viscera and living waste, etc. The bait should be put in the ditch and pit. When cultivating topdressing rice, it is best to carry it out on a cloudy day. It is advisable to use deep ball fertilizer and control the amount of fertilizer. Minimize the use of pesticides, must use high-efficiency, low-toxicity drugs, and spray on cloudy days. Keep the water fresh and prevent excessive feeding of mud, so as to avoid deterioration of the water quality due to high temperature and water shortage.
Third, disease prevention
1. Sphaerotheca. Mud seedlings are susceptible to this disease in cold and rainy days. They can be dip in 1 μl/l malachite green for prevention and treatment. The wounded loach is also susceptible to the disease. In severe cases, it can cause death. It can be soaked with 2% to 3% saline for 5 to 10 minutes.
2. Fin disease. Symptoms are muscle rot near the dorsal fins, severe dorsal fins, edema inside the corpus callosum, and erythema. Control can be used per ml containing 30 to 40 micrograms of oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol solution dip 8 to 10 minutes.
3. Parasitic disease. There are trichomonads, tongue cup worms, and third-generation parasites. In the pool, 0.7 μl/l copper sulfate can be splashed to kill the trichomonads and tongue beetles, and 0.5 μl/l crystal trichlorfon can be used to kill the third-generation insects.
4. Biological predators. Muddy creatures have more predators, and snakes, birds, ducks, etc. all eat mud, and should be prevented. During hatching, frogs, clip worms, otters devour and clip dead muddy seedlings, affecting the breeding rate, the frogs can be transferred to other places, with 95% crystals to change the insects to 5 liter/liter, and can also use kerosene. Lamps trap entrapment worms and otters.