Anti-insect hybrid cotton densification technology

Hybrid cotton planting density is too thin, and yield and quality are declining. The application of hybrid cotton in the past 10 years, the planting density of Hubei Province (similar to other provinces) in the Yangtze River Basin was reduced from 2,690 plants per mu in 1997 to 1,590 plants per mu in 2007, a decrease of 40.91%. . Planting density is too thin, which has three major adverse effects on cotton production.

(1) Waste of resources and increase in investment. Due to the low density of hybrid cotton planting, the land and light and heat resources in the middle and middle of the cotton field were wasted on the one hand; on the other hand, the cotton plant was increased by increasing the application of chemical fertilizer, and the cotton production investment was increased. According to the analysis of hundreds of household survey data, the fertilizer input per hectare of cotton increased from 3217.5 yuan in 1997 to 4158.0 yuan in 2004, an increase of 940.5 yuan, an increase of 22.6%.

(2) Densely planting large trees, the risk is increased. The thinning of cotton mainly relies on the individual advantages of cotton plants. The number of peaches per plant is relatively large, but the total number of peaches per unit area is relatively reduced. In the event of natural disasters, it is easy to cause a significant reduction in cotton production. For example, in 2003, the planting density decreased by 10,515 plants per hectare, and the single peach peaches increased by 6.12, but the hectares of peaches decreased by 167,000 and the hectares of hectares decreased by 294 kg. The density is too thin, and the individual advantage of a single plant is difficult to compensate for the lack of the group.

(3) The number of autumn peaches increased and the quality declined. Most of the bells of thin cotton are concentrated in the upper fruit branches and peripheral fruit nodes, the proportion of autumn peaches is increased, and the high-quality and high-yield cotton bolls are reduced. In 2002-2004, through the sampling and monitoring of the quality of 18 hybrid cotton varieties with large planting area in 10 concentrated cotton producing counties (cities, districts), the results showed that the central (7-12 fruit branches) cotton bolls were higher than the upper part (13 Above the fruit branch, the weight of the boll is increased by 0.4g, the clothing is 0.86 percentage points higher, the fiber length is 0.73mm, and the specific strength is 1.46CN·tex-1. As the number of rare planting peaches increases, the fiber quality is bound to decline. Since the promotion of hybrid cotton in the Yangtze River Basin, the planting density of cotton fields has been decreasing, from 1800 to 1000 plants. Some field plots have been below 1000 acres. Although high yields can be achieved in the case of fine management, large water and large fertilizers, and good weather, the stability is poor and high investment is required. In the case of rising agricultural product prices, reduced investment by cotton farmers and natural disasters, production has declined.

To increase the yield and quality of hybrid cotton, it is necessary to increase the planting density of hybrid cotton. Under the premise of improving the yield of insect-resistant hybrid cotton, the core strategy of cotton field management is to increase the density, reduce nitrogen and potassium, and rationalize the regulation. Promote the application of organic fertilizer, soil testing and formula fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer to promote the use of slow-release fertilizer, increase the amount of potassium fertilizer, increase the density while preventing the cotton from prolonging, causing the lower bud bells to fall off and rotten peaches, and improve the photosynthesis of the population. Performance and capacity of the bell, relying on the group to increase yield.

1. Standardize cotton planting methods and rational plant line allocation

The cotton planting density in Hubei Province is 1800-2000 plants/mu; 100cm×37cm, that is, row spacing 100cm, plant spacing 37cm, 1800 plants per mu, 100cm×33cm, ie row spacing 100cm, plant spacing 33cm, density 2000, 110cm×34cm, ie The row spacing is 110cm, the plant spacing is 34cm, the density is 1800, 110cm×30cm, that is, the row spacing is 110cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the planting density is 2000. Key to densification: control the plant spacing when the line spacing is fixed, and draw the hole and transplant when necessary.

2, select good varieties, timely broadcast, cultivate strong seedlings

The varieties of insect-resistant hybrid cotton that have passed the national trial and are suitable for planting in Hubei Province or approved by Hubei Province are selected. Planting strong seedlings early in time. The transplanting of wheat husks was carried out in late March to early April, and the oil was transplanted on April 20th. The seedling management was carried out according to the “Technical Regulations for Quality and High Yield Cultivation of Cotton Nutrition and Seedling Transplanting” (DB42/T227).

3, nitrogen reduction, potassium, stable phosphorus, micro-addition of organic fertilizer

According to the principle of “reducing nitrogen, increasing potassium, stabilizing phosphorus and supplementing micro”, it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is appropriately moved backward, the flower bell fertilizer is applied twice, and the formula is fertilized.

Medium-sized cotton fields, 20-25 kg of pure nitrogen, 10 kg of P2O5, K2O15-20 kg, 40-50 g of pure boron, and the ratio of NPK is 1:0.4-0.5:0.8.

Nitrogen fertilizer seedlings accounted for 5%, bud fertilizer 25%, flower bell fertilizer 50%, and topping fertilizer 20%. Potassium fertilizer base fertilizer and top dressing account for 50% each, and phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer.

4. Safe use of herbicides

It takes time to clear the weeds and the effect is better. 1. It is recommended to use 74.4% glyphosate water (farmer music), 41% glyphosate water (Nongda, Nongwang, Jiafulai, etc.) and 12% glyphosate water in the transplanting field. Buck) and 10% sodium salt glyphosate. Dosage: 141% glyphosate water (Nongda, Nongwang, Jiafulai, etc.) generally 200ml per acre, 30kg water, for tall and perennial perennial weeds, such as fragrant aconite, white stalk, Ai Gao, etc. The amount of acre can be increased to 300-400ml, the amount of water is unchanged; 274.4% glyphosate water (farmer music) is 75-125ml per acre, 30kg water; 312% glyphosate water (time) 1000-1500ml per acre, 30kg water.

Controlled grass is recommended to use 50% acetochlor, followed by alachlor, butachlor, and metolachlor. 150% acetochlor EC 80-100ml/mu, water consumption 15kg; 248% alachlor EC 120-150ml/mu, water consumption 15kg; 360% butachlor water emulsion 60-90ml/mu, water consumption 15kg; 472 % metolachlor 60-90ml / acre, 15kg water. Usage: Before transplanting cotton, the pre-harvested rapeseed and other winter fields and the weeds should be sprayed with water according to the actual area and weeds. For the tall perennial weeds, the upper limit dose should be used. It is advisable to use a small hole piece for spraying, because the fine mist liquid has high adhesion, is not easy to be lost, and has good herbicidal effect. After the cotton is transplanted, the weeds will be browned and dead, and the grass can be sprayed with 50% acetochlor or 48% alachlor, 6% butachlor, and 72% propisochlor. The control time can be up to 50 days. .

The use of herbicides in the middle and late stages of cotton growth is based on two sub-modes, depending on the situation. 1 can use 41% glyphosate water (such as Roundup, Nongwang, Jiafulai, etc.) or 10% amine salt glyphosate. Control of weeding in mixed cotton field of stalk and pointed grass; 2 available sethoxydim and ketene (higher temperature during mid-fertility, relatively good inter-row weeding with dipyridamole and chlorfenone) or fine turf Herbicides can be used to control herbicides. Glyphosate weeding (wideleaf, sharpleaf mixed). Dosage: 141% glyphosate water 100-200ml per acre 30kg water; 210% amine salt glyphosate water 1000ml per acre, 30kg water spray. Usage: From late June to July, when the height of cotton seedlings is more than 30cm, spray with a directional spray or spray with a 1100-015 fan-shaped nozzle. Herbicide weeds are used for herbicide weeding. Dosage and method: 120% dilute (take net) 10ml per acre, 15kg spray with water; 274% ketene (celite) 5ml per acre, 15kg spray with water; 312.5% ​​efficient cover Grass can use 7ml per acre, 15kg water; 45% fine grass grass per acre 5ml, 15kg water; 515% fine to kill 10ml per acre, 15kg water; 66.9% Weiba per acre 5ml, 15kg water.

5, the whole process

The adjustment follows the principle of “before the light, then heavy, a small number of times”, and the method should be “seeing the seedlings, seeing the sky, seeing the ground”. At the seedling stage, the cotton seedlings with poor growth potential can be sprayed with 60,000 times of “Ai Mi Ting” to promote the growth of cotton seedlings. During the bud period, 7-8 true leaves and 12-14 true leaves were sprayed with 0.5 g of ketamine and 1 kg of water with 15 kg of water. The flowering boll is on the 15-16th layer of the fruit branch, and is sprayed on the leaf surface and the growth point of the fruit branches with 1.5-2g of water and 30-40kg of water. After 7-10 days of topping, spray with 2.5 kg of ketamine 2.5 kg of water and 45 kg of water for capping. The amount of stalked amine in the whole growth period is about 8g.

6, cultivating soil, anti-smashing and anti-staining

Strengthen the cultivating and cultivating the soil to achieve the purpose of loosening the soil, increasing the ground temperature, maintaining sensation and preventing lodging. Cotton was finished in the middle of April, so that the soil was cleaned and covered with mulch. During the bud period, we must do a good job of cultivating loose soil, smashing smashing, breaking the knot, dredging the four ditch, preventing waterlogging and drought prevention, and promoting rapid seedling growth.

7, to scientific picking, to prevent "three wire" pollution

Cotton picking is strictly carried out in accordance with the Technical Regulations for Cotton Artificial Harvesting and Handling Processing (DB/T285).

5-7 days after the cotton bolls are the best picking period, the rotten peach should be picked in time, and the dew flower and the laughing mouth peach should not be picked up, and the shell should not be harvested. It is necessary to use the cloth bag to collect flowers, and the bamboo curtains to dry the seed cotton, and to achieve grading, splitting, splitting, dividing, and distributing, and strictly preventing the "three wire" pollution.

8, comprehensive prevention of pests and diseases, defense defense

In the seedling stage, it is necessary to guard against three insects, namely snails, blind mites, and red spiders. Snails have fulminant and gluttonous nature. They should be controlled in time after transplanting. The prevention and control of blind crickets should be based on early, unified prevention and control, and start from the wheat forest period. The red spider was completely wiped out before the cotton seal.

The main control targets in the bud period are blind mites, cotton aphid, cotton leaf mites, cotton bollworm and cotton blight. For pests, it is necessary to strengthen the measurement and report, according to the situation of the insects, to select the pesticides for the prevention and treatment standards, and timely control. In the field of cotton wilt disease, it is necessary to increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of the diseased plants, and to remove and burn the seriously diseased plants.

In the middle and late period, the Spodoptera litura, the third and fourth generation cotton bollworms, the prevention and control of blind mites, red spiders, thrips, whitefly, and blight, and the control of pests and diseases should be adhered to the end of September.

The prevention and control strategy adheres to scientific measurement and reporting, prevention of movement, rotation of medication, and improvement of control effectiveness.

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