Apple orchard management is optimistic about these points
In August, the mid- and late-ripening apple varieties enter the fruit expansion period. Fertilizer supply is a major management point. In addition, summer pruning must be done. What are the key management points of Apple Orchard? Pest Control Spray the pesticides based on Bordeaux mixture and alternately use systemic pesticides to prevent the occurrence of early leaf fall disease in apples; in terms of insect pests, control Lepidopteran pests such as golden moth and apple leaf roller. In late August, the tree trunks are tied to grass handles to trap red spiders and other pests through the winter, and they are thawed and burned before thawing the following year to reduce the insect population density. In the rainy season, the following points should be paid attention to to improve the effect of pest control: 1. Use pesticides with strong systemic properties, which can be absorbed by crop stems and leaves and quickly transmitted to various parts, and its efficacy is less affected by rainfall. 2. Using pesticides with strong knockdown power can quickly play its role in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, thereby avoiding or reducing rainwater leaching of the pesticide. 3. Use pesticides resistant to rain erosion, which have strong penetration and erosion resistance, and are suitable for application in the rainy season. Fertilizer supply 1. During the fruit's rapid growth and development, coloring and maturity period, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be strictly controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased to facilitate fruit development, coloring and flower bud differentiation. 2. As a result, fruit trees should be topdressed in time to promote flower bud differentiation. Generally, 0.1-0.2 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3-1 kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied. 3. Cultivation and drainage: timely cultivating and weeding, pay attention to drainage during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging damage. After the beginning of autumn, the grass has aged. At this time, spray 200 times of glyphosate, and use 1-1.5 kg of medicine per mu. It can be controlled by using twice in the growing season. Summer pruning 1. Pulling branches, fruit tree branching****** is carried out in late summer and early autumn (from mid-August to mid-September). During this period, the branches are soft and malleable. According to the plastic requirements, the angle of the branches can be opened, or the extension and growth direction of the branches can be changed. 2. Thinning branches. In early August, for large trees with too many auxiliary branches, some large branches can be thinned out. Long branches, upright branches, and excessively prosperous branches should also be thinned according to the space to improve the ventilation and light conditions of the tree. Improve the quality of flower buds. 3. Wipe off the buds and wipe off the useless buds and new shoots that sprout from the branches and cuts in time. Fruit management The bagged fruits of mid-ripening varieties will be bagged from mid to late August. Double-layer bags should go to the outer bag first, and then go to the inner bag after 3-5 days; for single-layer bags, tear the paper bag longitudinally first, leaving the remaining bag on the fruit, and remove it after 3-5 days. Note that you should choose to go to the bag during the day when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bag is small. After the bag is removed, the leaves are picked, the fruit is transferred, and the reflective film is laid to promote the coloring of the fruit. The Marshal varieties that are prone to fruit drop before harvest are sprayed with 30-40 mg/kg naphthalene acetic acid once in mid-August and at the end of August, one month and half a month before harvest, to prevent fruit drop before harvest. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If the legal rights of a third party are involved, please inform this website for processing. phone Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate. Medical Urine Analyzer,Semi Automatic Urine Analyzer,Urine Analyzer and Strips,Accurate Urine Analyzer Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.contoryinstruments.com
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘ 8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.