Key points of ornamental gourd cultivation techniques

Seeding

Ornamental gourds are highly adaptable, and do not require high soil and air temperature. The suitable growth temperature is 20-25 ° C. In order to extend the ornamental period, protected cultivation is generally used. The planting time should be controlled according to the climatic conditions of each place when planting. Protected field cultivation is adopted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Seeding can be conducted from the end of January to August, but mainly in spring and autumn. The soil used for sowing should be loose and fertile. Stir well and put it into the seeding tray. After filling, smooth it by hand and pour it in water for later use.

Select seeds with full grain for sowing. As the ornamental gourd seed has a thick seed coat and poor water absorption, it should be soaked in warm water at 30 ° C before sowing, soaking the small gourd seeds for 3 to 4 hours, and soaking the seeds of long-handled gourd, crane head gourd, and swan gourd for 7 to 8 hours. To make the seeds fully absorb water. Then drain and remove the seeds.

Seeding can be seeded or spread. Generally, more seeds are inserted. Insert the seed tips into the seeding tray next to each other with a row spacing of 5 cm and a grain spacing of about 3 to 5 cm. After sowing, cover the soil with 1 to 1.5 cm, cover with straw, Moisturize and water 2 or 3 times to avoid uneven seedlings. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 30-35 ° C, covered with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture retention, which is beneficial to seed germination. Seeding in July and August, when the temperature is high, you need to cover the shading net to cool the seedlings. Generally 3 to 4 days after sowing, the seeds begin to germinate and unearth, and the plastic film is removed in time to remove the seed shell that has not fallen off from the cotyledons. Try to control the watering to prevent the seedlings from growing too long. After 7 to 10 days, the cotyledons are fully opened and can be transplanted into the nutrition bowl.

The cultivation soil of the nutrition bowl requires no bacteria and looseness and fertility. Sieves and coarse-grained soil are sieved, and the nutrition bowl is placed in a nutrition bowl with a diameter of 12 cm. Remove the seedlings gently from the seeding tray and transplant them into the nutrition bowl. The planting should not be too deep, so as not to affect the growth of the root system. After planting, water it thoroughly and cover the shading net. At the seedling stage, pay attention to moisturizing, spray at the same time, spray with 3000-4000 times solution of Pyridoxine to prevent roots and seedlings from rotten. Spray 10% solution of 10% imidacloprid once a week to prevent aphid damage. When the leaves of the seedlings are in contact with each other, move the nutrition bowl to increase the spacing and avoid excessive growth.

2. Colonization

The ornamental gourd has a wide adaptability to the soil, and it grows well in slightly acidic soil, but it can't have standing water. When planting, select sandy loam or clay loam with deep soil layers, fertile soil, and good drainage. Before planting, turn the soil surface 30 cm deep, plow the broken soil, and rake the ground. Because the ornamental gourd has a long growing period and strong fertility, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer at one time. Generally, 2,000 kg of rotten fertilized manure per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, and 150 kg of plant ash are used as base fertilizer.

Before planting, make a good job one week, first make the hoe, the hoe width is 1.5 to 2 meters, the height is 0.3 meters, and the ditch width is 0.4 to 0.5 meters. Where conditions permit, * substrate cultivation is used. The substrate can be mixed with 8 parts of vegetable garden soil, 2 parts of decomposed pig manure, and 1 part of bran ash. A brick or foam board is used to form a simple cultivation trough with a width of 60 to 80 cm and a depth of 30 cm. A film is laid on the bottom and the substrate is poured into the trough. Spray and disinfect the soil with carbendazim 1000 times solution.

When the seedlings in the nutrient bowl grow to 4-6 true leaves, they can be planted. The selection is performed on a sunny day from 8 am to 3 pm. Remove the seedlings from the nutrient bowl with soil to avoid hurting the roots. Digging holes in the hoe surface, each planting 1 plant, the plant spacing of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. After planting, the root water is poured, and the seedling stage is not ventilated. In the spring cultivation, a small arch shed should be set up to increase the temperature, so that the seedlings can take root early and slow seedlings. The shed temperature should be maintained at 25-30 ° C during the day and 18-20 ° C at night. When the shed temperature exceeds 30 ° C at noon on a sunny day, open the skirt films on both sides of the shed for ventilation. After 3 days, the seedlings have been slowed down, and the small arch shed can be removed. The greenhouse temperature is controlled at 20-25 ° C during the day and 12-15 ° C at night, which promotes the development of plant roots.

3. Fertilizer and water management

Ornamental gourds have many fruits and require a large amount of fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizers are mainly applied in the early stage, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the flowering and fruiting stage. After planting, some fertilizer should be applied in time, mainly rotten cake fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer. Before pumping and spreading the shelves, perform a top dressing, top dressing * around the roots of the plant, dig a hole and apply directly on the topsoil, with a fertilizer amount of 20 kg per acre, to lay a nutritional basis for the fruit. When the melon grows to 3 or 4 cm in diameter, a second fertilizer application is performed. Dig a hole 20 cm around the root and apply 30 kg per acre to promote the expansion of the fruit. After each topdressing, loose soil should be ploughed to keep the soil loose, which is good for root growth. At the same time combined with foliar spraying, 0.4% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used every 15 days. Small gourds must be applied thinly and fertilely. Long-handled gourds and crane head gourds grow vigorously. In the early stage, strict control of vegetative growth is required to prevent excessive growth and affect fruit set rate.

Ornamental gourds have different water requirements at each growth stage. After planting, water the seedlings slowly to promote slow seedlings. Control the watering after slowing the seedlings and before sitting. In agricultural parks, in order to facilitate management and save water, drip irrigation is generally used to lay plastic pipes next to the plants. Water flows directly from the micro-holes of the hoses and penetrates into the soil around the rhizosphere of the plant. The ground temperature will be lowered by watering, and the amount of watering is easy to control. Watering is generally not used during the flowering period to promote fruit setting. After the fruit is set, sufficient water should be watered during the fruiting period to ensure that the fruit is fully grown. Gourd watering generally also follows the principle of "do not dry without watering, watering is poured through". When the water is insufficient, the gourd grows poorly, but too much soil moisture is not good for growth, and root rot is easy to occur.

The ornamental gourd belongs to the genus Cucurbitaceae, which is native to the tropics. It is only for ornamental use and cannot be eaten. The fruit is a gourd-shaped or slender long handle on the upper part, like a round sphere in the lower part. , The skin of the old ripe fruit is hard, very cute, and has high ornamental and artistic value. It is one of the main varieties for developing tourism agriculture. In 2000, the Hangzhou Vegetable Institute began to introduce ornamental gourds, and selected crane heads, long handles, swans, big soldiers, dried soldiers, local soldiers, small gourds, waist gourds, round gourds, calabash gourds, pear There are 15 varieties of ornamental gourds, such as shape gourd, green gourd, Changle, and line gourd, which are suitable for cultivation in protected areas.

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