Chinese cabbage high-yield cultivation technology

I. Land Preparation

The root system is mainly distributed in shallow soil layers, with well-developed parallel side roots and reticular branch roots, while deep soil layers are underdeveloped. In order to promote the development of the shallow soil layer root system and increase the distribution of the deep soil layer root system as much as possible, the soil should be plowed. Wherever Chinese cabbage is to be planted, * deep-turn it after harvesting in the previous year, and apply a large amount of farm manure, use winter frozen to improve soil physical properties, and perform nutrient decomposition to cultivate soil fertility.

Selection of varieties

Chinese cabbage should be selected as the main planting variety for disease resistance, moisture tolerance and high yield. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid continuous cropping with cruciferous vegetables; it can be rotated with onions and garlic, melon beans, solanaceous fruits and food crops to prevent diseases from occurring in the cultivation system. Neutral or alkaline soils should be planted for convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil layers, good air permeability, and more humus.

Third, seed processing. Seed disinfection can effectively prevent soft rot and black rot. Soft rot: Soak seeds with 3% potassium permanganate before sowing. First soak the seeds in cold water for 1 hour and take them out, soak them in the medicinal solution for 30 minutes, rinse with clear water, germinate and sow, or use Feng Ling 50 grams per acre to dress the seeds. Black rot: seeds can be soaked in warm water at 50 ° C for 20-30 minutes or 1000 times of agricultural streptomycin solution for 2 hours.

Fourth, sowing

The sowing period of Chinese cabbage is very important. Premature sowing and low outside temperature are not conducive to germination and seedling growth, so that the seedlings are kept at low temperature for a long time, but it is conducive to pumping. Sowing is too late and the temperature is too high in the later stage, which is not good for balling. Therefore, the sowing date should be strictly controlled according to the prevailing climatic conditions. The principle is that 15 days before the date when the average daily temperature reaches 13 ° C, which is the appropriate sowing period, that is, after sowing, the time for Chinese cabbage to grow below 13 ° C is not easy to occur Draw the ball before kicking.

Five, colonization

The seedling age is about 30 days, and the number of leaves is 6-7. About 3500--4500 plants are planted per mu, and the seed amount per mu is 50 grams. The whole pupae are 1 meter wide, 2 rows per pupae, and the plant spacing is about 40 cm. Cover the mulch before planting. The mulch is required to be flat against the ground. After planting, thin human dung is poured as root water to promote survival. The film holes are sealed with soil. Directly broadcast two seeds per hole, cover with plastic film after sowing, and use a nutrition bowl to grow a small number of seedlings for seedlings lacking seedlings. The seedlings emerge after about 5 days of seeding, and the film should be broken in time to introduce seedlings. The emergence of seedlings takes about 10 days and time.

Field management

1. Interlayer seedlings, fixed seedlings, and squatting interlayer seedlings are performed twice. The first time was carried out when the seedlings were pulling a small cross (two true leaves), the plant spacing was 3-5 cm; the second time was carried out when the 4-5 real leaves, the plant spacing was 8-10 cm. Pay attention to keep strong seedlings during interplanting, eliminate diseased, weak and mixed seedlings. One month after sowing, three times of mid-cultivation is required. *, Two times of inter-cultivation are respectively *, two times of inter-cultivation, and the third time of inter-cultivation after seedling. Each time the ploughing is combined with weeding, deep trenches can be achieved. Shallow back, do not hurt the roots. When cabbage grows to 10 leaves. Set seedlings by plant distance. Late-maturing cultivars of 2400 acres (row spacing 65 × 40 cm); middle-maturing cultivars of 2500-2600 acres (60 × 40 cm); early-maturing cultivars of 3,000 mu (55 × 35 cm). After the seedlings are set, the squatting period should be controlled according to the weather, soil quality, and growth of the vegetable seedlings. When the outer leaves of the cabbage turn thick green, the leaves stand up sooner or later, and the squatting seedlings will end when the wilt appears at noon. Generally sandy loam soil is 7-10 days, and clay loam soil is 10-15 days.

2 Topdressing watering. Top-dressing fertilizers and quick-acting fertilizers such as manure and urine. After the second interplanting (4-5 true leaves), the seedling fertilizer was recovered, and a ditch was opened 8-10 cm away from the vegetable seedlings, and urea was applied at a rate of 7 kg / mu. Urea is 30 kg / mu. Fertilization is required before soil cultivation, and then watering; Chinese cabbage has been ridged into the filling period. Apply 500 kg of large manure or 5 kg of urea per acre with water. In order to increase the yield and disease resistance, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% zinc sulfate solution can be sprayed once in the rosette stage and the enveloping stage. Watering is a key measure to determine whether Chinese cabbage can be highly productive. Watering the cabbage after sowing requires small water immersion, and it is advisable to soak the seeding position to prevent flooding from flushing the seeds. The second water is poured 2-3 days after the head water. When 4-5 leaves are combined, the seedling fertilizer is added once, and then 2-3 water can be poured according to the weather. Squat seedlings generally do not water, so that the roots are deeply rooted and promote the development of root groups. At the end of squatting seedlings, combined with topdressing and watering twice to prevent the sun from cracking the ground and cutting the roots of cabbage. Cabbage filling period is when the growth is fast. Keep the ground moist. Depending on the weather and the soil's wetness and dryness, water is irrigated once in about 7 days, and watering should be stopped 15 days before harvest.

3. Cultivation and weeding: Master the words "early" and "shallow". Generally 2-3 times. The * time is combined after the emergence of the seedlings. The second time is after the seedlings are set. In order to promote root growth, fine, deep and mid-tillage is required. It is necessary to deep-till between 5-6 cm between rows or at the bottom of the ditch. It is slightly shallow near the plant. Don't hurt the leaves and the roots. The grass should be cleaned. Weeds must be allocated at any time during the growing season. At the same time of cultivating, the soil should be cultivated to prevent the roots of Chinese cabbage from being exposed and to facilitate watering.

Seven, pest control

1. Disease: A virus transmitted mainly by aphids. Control measures: choose disease-resistant varieties; adjust the layout of vegetables, reasonable rotation, and remove the diseased plants in time; early sowing at an appropriate time to avoid the high temperature and aphid pupae season; control virus-transmitted aphids at the seedling stage; spray virus No. 1 emulsion 500 times at the beginning of disease Solution, or 1000 times solution of virus No. 2 emulsion.

2 virus disease: also known as solitary disease, cramping disease. Mainly during the seedling stage, high temperature and drought are prone to disease. Control methods: reduce soil temperature and prevent aphids in time. Use Phytosperm 1000 times solution or Virus Spirit 600 times solution and Kangweiwei 2000 times solution or aphid net 2000 times solution to spray 2-3 times for control.

3. Soft rot: from rosette stage to enveloping stage. Control measures: Choose as many fields as possible of wheat, rice and legume crops before planting cabbage, avoid continuous cropping with solanaceae, melons and other cruciferous vegetables; turn over the ground early to promote the decomposition of diseased bodies; use deep Gully box planting; selection of disease-resistant varieties; proper sowing; seed chemical treatment; use the following chemicals for control before or early onset of disease. â‘  25% synergistic agricultural streptomycin (Vitalin) soluble powder 2000-3000 times liquid spray or root irrigation; â‘¡ 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 2000-3000 times liquid spray; â‘¢ 77% iron hydroxide (can be killed) 600 times liquid spray; â‘£ 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid (sterilized into, sterilization) 1000-1500 times spray.

4. Black spot disease: choose disease-resistant varieties, disinfect seeds, eliminate diseased plant residues and weeds, apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and improve the disease resistance of vegetable plants. It was found that the diseased plants were sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc or 10% difenoconazole 900-1300 times or 43% tebuconazole suspension 2000-2500 times.

5. Aphids: Controlled by 10% nicotine (Kanghelin) 800-1000 times solution, 25% aktay 750-1500 times solution, 3% acetamiprid (mobilang) 2000-3000 times solution.

6. Pieris rapae, yellow stripe jumping beetle and underground pests. Use deltamethrin (enemicide) 2000 times solution, 15% cypermethrin 1000 times solution.

7. Plutella xylostella: 5% Ruijin special suspension agent 50-100ml per acre with 60 kg of water for prevention and control; 5% inhibitor Taibao EC 2000 times liquid or 3% methanoate microemulsion 4000-6000 times liquid or 2% Ah Vitamins 3000-5000 times liquid and other biological pesticides. In addition, biological control technology-sex attractants can be used to trap and kill adults. At the initial stage of Plutella xylostella, low-density field traps can also have a good control effect.

Eight, harvest

During the late growth period of Chinese cabbage, the weather is changeable, and the temperature is gradually falling. To prevent frost, you must bundle it in time. Generally, 10-16 days before harvest, stop watering, raise the rosette leaves, hold the leaf ball, and then use the soaked sweet potato Seedlings or cereal grasses bind the leaves. Firms the core and continues to grow. 2-3 days before Xiaoxue, it should be harvested in time, and selenium should be air-dried in the field, and the outer leaves will wither before storage.

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