Peach tree quality high yield tree pruning technology
The traditional peach tree has a happy-shape and a V-shape. Since the fruit grows on the main branch and oblique branches, the thickness of the leaf curtain layer is large, and the light is insufficient (the light receiving rate is below 40%). The fruit color is poor and the solid content is Low, poor fruit surface finish. According to the experience of apple stem shape-shaping and pruning, the author summarized and improved the high-density, high-quality and high-yield tree shape of peach trees, and used it in Taoyuan of Yuncheng and Linfen in our province, and achieved success. 1. Tree structure Dry height 50 ~ 60cm, there is a strong and upright center dry, all kinds of fruit branches directly in the center of the stem, and the distribution of all levels, all directions, evenly distributed. After forming, the entire tree can produce 30 to 40 branches of varying sizes. The height of the tree is 2.0m to 2.5m, and the diameter of the crown is 1.0m to 1.5m. 2, pruning technology 2.1 Young age 2.1.1 Cultivation objectives This stage is generally 1 to 2 years. The main cultivation tasks are: to promote budding germination and central stem growth. 2.1.2 Cultivation Management Measures In addition to sprouting, wiping off the shoots every year in mid-March, when bud shoots are used for planting, the buds are wiped off at any time to concentrate nutrients for sprouting and sprouting. When the sprouting buds grow to 30cm to 50cm, the seedlings begin to germinate. , should be promptly erased from the center to dry on the ground 50cm below the auxiliary tip, more than 50cm above the tip does not wipe, to cultivate the results of the next year branches. To help ensure that the center is upright, when the seedlings grow to 70cm to 80cm, a 3.0m long and 2.5cm to 3.0cm thick bamboo pole is planted near the seedlings, and the seedlings are tied straight to the bamboo poles. With the growth of saplings, they are tied every 20cm or so. When the branch is softened and spray inhibitors are used to control the growth of the new shoots, the length of the auxiliary shoots is 40-50 cm, and the branches must be softened to make them horizontal or slightly droop. If the growth of the shoot is too busy, it can be sprayed with paclobutrazol 50010E-6 ~ 80010E-6 in late July to control the shoot growth and promote the formation of flower buds. Winter pruning Because the buds of peach trees are precocious, a large number of flower buds are formed on the secondary shoots where the center stems. When pruning in winter, you should go to Wang Zhuang and go straight. Sparse branches whose base thickness is more than 1/3 of the center dry thickness are removed, and most of them are oblique branchlets with moderate height, lengths of 30-50cm, and thicknesses of 0.5-0.6cm, and all are long-distributed. The center of the extension branch is not short-cut, and there is no auxiliary tip in the top 50cm, and it should be left at the base of the bud buds, so as to lay a good foundation for the good results of the next year. 2.2 Initial result period 2.2.1 Cultivation goal The second year after colonization, the results begin and enter the initial result period. The main management objectives in this period are: to cultivate a strong center, increase the amount of branches, lay a good foundation for the next year's high yield; appropriate use of some fruit branches results, increase production; late growth period (after June) to control side growth. 2.2.2 Cultivation Management Measures The main branch of the tree trunk is the center stem, which is the only channel for nutrient delivery and distribution, and the sole bearer of tree production load. Whether it can cultivate a strong and upright center stem is a tree culture. The key to success. To maintain the advantages of the center, we must control the thickness of the raw branches born in the center. The ratio of the thickness of the lateral branches to the thickness of the center stem of the implantation site should be controlled at 1/5 to 1/3. If the lateral branches are thicker and faster, the upper part of the branches should be sparsely grown or enlarged during the growing season. The angle weakens its growth potential. The ratio of the thickness of the stem to the stem of the stem should not be more than 1/3. When it is too thick, it should be removed in time or the two buds should be short at the base. Increasing the amount of branches to ensure that the canopy does not close and the branches do not overlap, use the limited space as much as possible to promote the germination and formation of lateral branches, lay a solid foundation for increasing production. The germination rate of peach trees is high, and the number of branches is generally more. It is mainly the golden mean trees with good culture results and less vigorous growth potential. Controls lateral branches, promotes the use of twigs to soften the growing season, and inhibits the growth of new shoots. In mid-to-late May, the new shoots were sprayed with 50010E-6 to 80010E-6 paclobutrazol at a length of 10 to 15 cm, and in mid and late June and mid-to-late July, they were sprayed with 50010E-6 to 80010E-6 paclobutrazol for 1 time. Special attention should be paid to the fact that paclobutrazol can only be sprayed on side branches, and the central dry extension branch cannot be sprayed. In winter, pruning is mainly based on sparsely-cleared branches, dense branches, and excessive branches. The results of the shoots were updated using long-pruning pruning. After fruiting and fruiting, the shoots gradually drooped as the fruit weight increased. The base shoots were easy to produce new long fruiting branches. When pruning in winter, they chose to stay in the middle of the posture. Obliquely, keep it as a ready branch and retract the fruitful branch to the base preparation branch. 2.3 fruit period 2.3.1 Cultivation management objectives The third year after planting, it will enter the full fruit period. The main management goals for this period are: to maintain the strength of the center's strength; balance the center's stems and side branches, and the treetops in the upper and lower parts of the canopy. 2.3.2 Main Cultivation Measures After adjustment of the stem and lateral branches of the center and the balance between the upper and lower parts of the canopy into the full fruit period, the peach tree yield can reach 3000kg-4000kg/667 square meters, even up to 5000kg/667 square meters, equivalent to strains producing 10-15kg, some The tree can be as high as 20kg. Only by ensuring the absolute advantage of the center can the tree load such a large amount of output. The ratio of the thickness of the control side shoots to the center dryness ratio of the implantation site was 1/7 to 1/5. In the late fruit period, the crown is prone to “stronger and weaker†phenomenon, which can be used to carry out circumcision at the strong and weak junction of the center, promote more results in the upper part, reduce pressure in the upper part, and weaken the upper tree potential: also in the trunk. Within 40cm above the ground, leave a branch in the southwest direction. The thickness of the branch is 1/3 to 1/5 of that of the main stem, and 10 to 15 lateral branches are planted on it. This helps to control the strength and stability of the crown. Tree vigor. The growth of control branches grows longer to prevent the growth of thickened peach trees. The annual growth of new shoots is large, and the crown is easy to seal. This is also the main reason for the failure of tree shape reshaping. Therefore, every year in late May, mid-late June, late July and mid-July, spray 50010E-6-80010E-6 paclobutrazol each time to control the growth of lateral shoots, lateral branches should be controlled at 30-60cm, branches roughly 0.6cm, so that The buds are full and the branches are fully matured and become the reliable fruit of the second year. The pruning method in winter is basically the same as that in the previous year. The sparse is the main method, and the fruit sticks are updated using the long-pruning pruning method. For trees that have exceeded the required height, appropriate heads should be dropped and the tree height should be controlled to 2.0-2.5m. After winter cutting, fruit rot and 100g of cooking oil should be used immediately, and the kerfs should be painted with a brush at intervals of 1 week. To prevent the flow of peach trees and branches of the disease. 3, tree features 3.1 Results As early as possible, the yield is high. The crowns in the crown are few, the forming is early, the result is early, and the yield is early. The trees have good ventilation and light transmission. Most of the leaves are functional leaves. The photosynthetic accumulation is more, the fruits are well colored, and the quality is good. The tree shape is established by bud seedlings. The second year will enter the initial result period. 667 square meters can produce 400-600kg. The third year of high yield can reach 2500 ~ 3000kg, and some even up to 5000g. 3.2 High density, high land use efficiency Each 667 square meters (mu) can be planted with 83 to 111 strains, and even some planted 333 strains. The canopy is basically formed in 1 to 2 years, which fully occupies available space and improves land utilization. 3.3 The fruit is big and the quality is excellent. The results of the new shoots are used every year, and the shoots that are fruitful are removed. As a result, the branch has sufficient nutrition and balanced branching potential. The fruit produced is large and uniform, with good coloring and excellent quality. 3.4 Convenient operation, high work efficiency After forming, the tree height is 2.0m～2.5m. The main result is in the range of 0.5m～2.3m from the ground. It is very convenient for artificial spraying, thinning and fruit thinning, etc., which is very labor-saving. 3.5 Water Saving, Economic Benefits, High Economic Benefits High tree-shaped canopy has less internal branches and more branches. When pruning and pruning, the growth of new shoots is controlled in time, and all unused branches are promptly removed. The nutrients absorbed by the tree body are fully utilized. . Generally, according to the vigor and strength of the tree vigor and the amount of results, the annual application of compound fertilizer 0.1 to 0.3 kg, 30 to 100 kg per 667 square meters (mu), watering 2 to 3 times, can meet the tree growth needs. 3.6 Wide application scope The tree shape is suitable for both early and late-maturing peach varieties as well as production areas under different site conditions. Special attention should be paid to the production: Peach trees have the characteristics of strong polarity, fast growth, and many branches. High-density cultivation tends to appear canopy closure, which is not conducive to flowering results. Therefore, we should pay attention to summer pruning, use methods such as taking sticks, twisting branches to ease the branching tendency, and timely clearing the internal pupae over dense branches to improve the lighting condition of the crown, promote the formation of flower buds, and improve the management of fertilizers and waters. Ageing trees need to control nitrogen fertilizers and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. According to the species, tree age and tree vigor, determine the load and implement "quantitative production." At the end of April and early May, remove too many young fruit, leaving 3 to 4 fruit in each result branch, and should choose to keep the drooping fruit on the shoot's tip. The middle and late-maturing varieties were bagged to improve the appearance and color of the fruit, reduce pesticide residues, and increase the product rate of the fruit. Prevention and control of pests and diseases, mainly for the prevention and treatment of melasosis, brown rot, mites, aphids, peach borer, and peach aphid. In view of the advantages of the tree-shaped high density and high yield and the convenience of operation and management, it should be adapted to local conditions and promoted in large areas.
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