Wheat seedlings poorly managed this spring
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Poor overall growth From the summary of the current situation of the surveys conducted across the province, the overall growth of wheat is not as good as in previous years, mainly in four aspects: First, the seedlings are generally poor. Due to late sowing and timely sowing, poor site preparation quality, and low application of organic fertilizers, coupled with low temperature during seedling stage and insufficient accumulated temperature, affected the normal development of wheat, resulting in a generally poor wheat seedling condition this year. Seedlings decreased, and three types of seedlings increased. One kind of seedling population was reasonable and individuals developed well; the second type seedlings population was slightly smaller, and individual development was slightly worse; the third type seedlings were generally late buckwheat, with small seedlings, little or no tillering, poor individual development, and small population. According to statistics, there are 72.76 million mu of wheat in the province, with 12.88 million mu of seedlings in one category, 2.86 million mu in the second category, and 31.12 million mu in the third category. The second is weak seedling quality. According to the survey, the current average wheat leaf age in the province is 4.17, which is 0.63 less than last year; the average mu number is 454,800, which is 33,300 less than last year; the basic seedlings per mu increase by 24,700 from last year to 201,600; the average single planting 2.04, a decrease of 0.47 over last year. The third is the difference in seedlings. Due to the extension of the sowing date, the current situation of wheat seedlings in our province is quite different. Some wheat fields due to early sowing when the time of grab, too late to apply base fertilizer or base fertilizer is too little, young wheat seedlings, individual plots appear to lack of fat symptoms; some of the sowing of the wheat field is too large, the basic seedlings are more, the latter is likely to fall down phenomenon; Some of the early barley fields have severe soil compaction, which has affected the normal growth and development of wheat. Fourth, pests and weeds occur early and have a large area. Due to the high soil moisture in wheat fields, pests and diseases in wheat fields in our province are early and heavy. In November last year, strip rust occurred on some plots, which was rare in previous years. In addition, sheath blight also occurred early in large areas. According to the survey of Zhoukou City, the incidence of wheat sheath blight disease reached 80%, and the diseased plant rate reached 20%. In addition, the occurrence of weeds in wheat fields is also heavier. In some wheat fields, there are more than 30 weeds per square meter, with a maximum of more than 200 strains. The management of classified fertilization and watering of the three types of seedlings and wheat fields should be aimed at promoting the upgrading of weak seedlings. Under appropriate conditions, returning to the green stage should not be watered, so as not to reduce the temperature, affect the plant's roots, leaves and tiller growth, can be classified management based on the situation of the seedlings, soil fertility and base fertilizer application. For the late buckwheat sowing at the time of sowing, the amount of sowing and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer at the end should be appropriately increased. In the returning green stage, topdressing and watering should not be carried out, and the ground can be finely grounded to increase the temperature and promote plant growth. The roots and tillers grow, and they wait until the start of the period to conduct fertilizer and water management. It should be noted that the time for the management of this fertilizer and water should be based on the size of the wheat field. The small groups should be top-dressed and watered in the early stages, and the moderate groups should be top-fed and watered in the middle stage. The top dressing watered. For late seedling wheat fields with few basic seedlings and weak individuals, especially wheat fields without base fertilizer or base fertilizer deficiency, 10-15 kg of urea should be applied at the turn of wheat to promote weak seedlings to turn strong. For the second type of seedlings and wheat fields, after the return of green crops, fine-grassing will be conducted first, and the fertilizer and water management will be carried out after entering the initial period. The soil with higher soil fertility may be top-dressed and watered at the jointing stage. On the basis of ensuring the appropriate structure of the group, the time for the management of the fertilizer and water will be postponed. This will not only adjust the plant type structure of wheat, increase the utilization rate of light energy, increase the grain weight, increase the yield, but also increase the grain size of strong gluten wheat. The protein and wet gluten content prolongs the stability of dough and improves its nutritional quality and processing quality. For a kind of seedlings and wheat fields, the management should focus on preventing the prosperous growth and promoting the growth of the seedlings. After returning green, the fertilizer should not be fertilized or watered, and the fish should be fine-grained before entering the jointing stage and then top-dressing and watering. For plots with moderate or high soil fertility, the joint fertilizer should be applied before and after jointing. Chemical Weeding Chemical weeding is a measure of increasing yield with less investment and good results. Due to late planting last year, most of the plots were not cultivated and weeded before winter. It is expected that a large number of weeds will occur in the middle and late February. Therefore, chemical weeding should be done in a timely manner. The specific time is appropriate when the temperature is stable at 10°C to 15°C. For wheatgrass, wild rapeseed, rice bran, leeks, and other weeds that are severely damaged, wheatgrass nets can be used for control; for serious oats, 6.9% of the humming horses can be used to control serious fields. It should be noted that the dosage and time should be mastered when applying pesticides. In dryland wheat fields where the temperature of the cultivator is increased without watering, the temperature of the spring pipes should be mainly increased. The dry land wheat field where the fertility is normal or the base fertilizer has not been fully applied should be thawed in the early spring, and the lyrical condition should be better by using the ditch to grow fertilizer. For dryland wheat fields with large seedlings and high soil fertility before winter, they can be top-dressed at the jointing season and raining at the discretion. Prevention of Pests and Diseases Because of the high temperature and high humidity in winter last year, sheath blight and powdery mildew are prone to occur, so prevention and control work must be done. Use 25% triadimef 75-100g/water 30kg per acre and spray evenly in the field. In the prevention and treatment of diseases, we must also pay attention to the control of locusts and red spiders, and add 40% omethoate 75 grams per acre.