Straw feed processing technology

1. Straw Ammonification Technology The main component of straw is crude fiber, while the cellulose and hemicellulose contained in the crude fiber can be digested and used as feed by herbivorous livestock. Lignin is basically indigestible. Some of the cellulose contained in the straw is tightly bound to the lignin, which hinders the digestion and absorption of livestock. The role of ammoniation is to cut off these connections and separate cellulose from lignin for digestion and absorption by livestock. Generally speaking, the digestibility of ammoniated straw can be increased by 20%, the feed intake can be increased by 20%, and the crude protein content can be increased. Increased 1-1.5 times, the total nutritional value of straw after ammoniation can be doubled, reaching 0.4-0.5 feed units. According to the ammoniation method, there are liquid ammonia ammonification, urea ammoniation, ammonium ammonification, and ammonium ammoniation. Liquid ammonia ammonification: The straw is bundled into a mortar and then sealed with a plastic film. The liquid ammonia equivalent to 3% of the weight of the dry matter of the straw was used for the ammoniation. The time required for ammoniation depends on the ambient temperature, usually about 1 week in summer, 2-4 weeks in spring and autumn, and 4-8 weeks in winter, or even longer. If the ammoniated furnace ammoniated, due to the higher temperature (80-90), so only one day to complete the ammoniation. Urea amination: The straw was chopped and placed in an ammoxidation tank and treated with urea equal to 5% of the dry matter weight of the straw. Urea should be dissolved in water in advance, evenly sprayed on the straw, ammoxidation pool filled, step on the plastic film cover and seal. The treatment time was the same as the ammoniation of liquid ammonia, but it was slightly longer. Ammonium ammonia ammonification: The method is the same as that of urea ammoniation, because the ammonia content of carbon ammonia is relatively low, the amount of which is increased accordingly. Ammonia of ammonia: The method is the same as the ammoniation of liquid ammonia. Due to the low ammonia content of carbon ammonia, the amount of ammonia is increased accordingly. 2, corn straw silage technology Green corn straw crushed, after microbial fermentation, become green feed. Method: 1) Build a silo: There are two kinds of cuboids and cylinders. The ratio of the diameter and the depth of the cylindrical silo is 1:1.5, and the size of the cylindrical silo is small and large; the cuboid silo is 4:3:2 in length, width and height ratio. When constructing a large pool, the length can be increased, the width and height can be increased, the width of the bottom of the pool can be narrow and wide, and there is a certain degree of inclination. The bottom of the pool must have a certain width, the inner wall and the bottom should be smooth, airtight, and not leaky. The wall of the pool should be made of bricks and cement. Every cubic meter can be filled with silage 500-600 kg. 2) Silage: The corn stover is harvested, and immediately transported to the side of the silage and crushed by mechanical means, it is immediately loaded into the pool, compacted while loading the material, and sprinkled with a certain amount of water and mixed with a small amount of urea. After filling the pool (it should be more than 0.6 meters beyond the pool), cover it tightly with a plastic cloth and cover it with 0.3 meters of soil. 3) Use: Sealed corn stalk comminution material, in the condition of odious gas, after completing the fermentation process in about 30 days, it becomes corn silage silage, and can be taken out and fed to livestock. Technical requirements: 1) Generally used in summer sowing late corn varieties. When the ear is ripe, most straws are harvested when they are green and blue. 2) With the harvest, with the transport, with the crushed (crushing length of 1-3 cm), then install the pool, in order to maintain the green and moisture of corn straw, nutrients without loss. 3) When loading the pond, the moisture content of feed silage 65% -75% (not suitable for holding water), 4-5 kg ​​of urea per ton of green material, stirring evenly, the temperature is lower than 40 °C. Loading speed should be fast, try hard to compact, seal tightly. The shorter the loading and sealing time, the better. 4) During fermentation, the temperature is controlled at about 30o, and the pH should be gradually reduced to 4. 3. Straw microbial fermentation storage technology Crop straw is processed by mechanical processing and microbial inoculants and stored in a certain facility. The technology is called microbial fermentation storage technology of crop straws, or micro storage technology. The fermentation process of micro-feeds is a high-efficiency active micro-organism compound inoculum cultivated by using biotechnology. After being dissolved and revived, the micro-environment feeds into salt water with a concentration of 0.8% to 1% and is then sprayed onto the processed crop stalks for compaction. Propagation fermentation is completed under anaerobic conditions. The high-efficiency active microbial compound inoculum is a “stem live fermented dry fungus” composed of highly efficient woody fiber-decomposing bacteria and organic acid fermenting bacteria, and is suitable for all crop straws. It is mainly used for feeding ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Technical features: 1) Low cost and high efficiency. For each ton of straw made into micro-microbial storage, only 3 grams of straw are used to ferment live dried bacteria (worth 10 yuan), and 30-50 kg of urea are required for ammoniating per ton of straw. 2) High digestibility. Taking wheat straw with very low nutritional value as an example, in the micro-storage process, due to the effect of high-efficiency composite living viable bacteria, lignocellulose substances are greatly degraded and converted into lactic acid and played fatty acids, together with enzymes and other biological activities. The role of substances increased the cellulase and lipase activities of the rumen microflora of cattle and sheep, the dry matter digestion increased by 24.14%, the crude fiber digestion increased by 43.77%, the organic matter digestion increased by 29.4%, wheat straw microbiological dry matter The metabolic energy was 8.73 MJ/kg, and the digestive energy was 9.84 MJ/kg. 3) Good palatability and high feed intake. Straw micro-storage treatment can make coarse hard straw soft, and has a sour smell, stimulates the appetite of livestock, thereby increasing the intake of 20% -40%. 4) The utilization of straw is high. Operation method: 1) Cement cellar micro-storage method, cellar wall, cellar floor using cement masonry, crop straw cut into the cellar, spraying bacilli solution in proportion, layered compaction, cellar mouth covered with plastic film, and then casing seal. 2) The crypt method: In the bottom and around the cellar covered with plastic film, the straw cut into the pit, layered spraying bacteria hydraulic, cellar mouth and then covered with plastic film cover soil seal. 3) Plastic bag micro-reservoir method, according to the size of the plastic bag first dug a round cellar, and then put the plastic bag into the cellar, and then put the straw layered spraying bacteria hydraulic pressure, the plastic bag tightly sealed, Cover soil seal. 4) Micro-storage method in bales in the cellar: straws are tied into square bales by a baling press, sprayed into the cellar after spraying the bacterial liquid, fill the gaps, seal the cellar fermentation, and knead and feed when the cellar is released. Technical requirements: rejuvenation of bacteria: Before preparing the bacteria solution, according to the amount of straw that can be processed on the same day, prepare the required live dried bacteria according to the proportions listed in the table, and pour 200-500 mL of drinking water to fully dissolve (there are Place a little milk and sugar in the place, which will increase the rejuvenation rate of the strain.)

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