Regarding the relevant standards for organic fertilizer fermentation and decomposing, you should know about these contents.
I. Existing evaluation indicators of fermented maturity of organic fertilizer Although extensive and in-depth research has been done on the evaluation of compost maturity at home and abroad, many evaluation indicators and methods have been proposed, but a well-established index of compost maturity has not yet been formed. Compost maturity indicators are divided into three categories: physical indicators, chemical indicators (including humus) and biological indicators. The evaluation methods of compost maturity are divided into four categories: apparent analysis method, chemical analysis method, spectrum analysis method and plant growth analysis method, which are similar to the classification method of the former. The compost maturity indicators are explained as follows: (1) Physical indicators or apparent analysis indicators: Refers to the relatively intuitive nature of some changes in the composting process, such as temperature, odor and color. Specifically: 1 Temperature: The temperature of the pile is gradually increased and then decreased after the start of composting. After the pile is decomposed, the temperature of the pile is consistent with the ambient temperature or slightly higher than the ambient temperature, and generally does not change significantly. Therefore, the temperature is during the composting process. One of the most important routine test indicators; 2 Odor: Composting raw materials have an unpleasant odor, and in the composting process, H2S, NO and other unpleasant gases are generated. After a good composting process, these odors gradually weaken and disappear after the composting, so the odor can also be used as Composting and maturing indicators; 3 Color: During the composting process, the pile material is gradually blackened, and the composted product after being matured is dark brown and black, and the color can also be used as a criterion; 4 Absorbance changes: Optical properties of composted water extracts at different times at wavelengths of 280 nm, 465 nm and 665 nm indicate that the absorption of short waves is suppressed due to the small amount of individual organic components, while at 665 nm. The visible light has less influence, and thus the compost maturity can be reflected by detecting the change in absorbance of the compost extract at a wavelength of 665 nm. (2) Since the physical indicators are difficult to quantify the change of the composition of the pile during the composting process, it is more common to analyze the compost maturity by analyzing the chemical composition or chemical properties of the stock during the composting process. These chemical indicators include: organic matter change indicators, ammonia nitrogen indicators, humification indicators, carbon to nitrogen ratios and organic acids. Specific content includes: 1 During the composting process, the unstable organic matter in the stock is decomposed and converted into carbon dioxide, water, minerals and stabilized organic matter. The organic matter content of the stock changes significantly, so some parameters reflecting the change of organic matter (such as COD, BOD and The measurement of VS, etc. and the variation of certain organic matter in the composting process to characterize the maturity; 2 In the biodegradation process of compost, the nitrogen-containing components are degraded to produce ammonia gas. In the later stage of composting, some ammonia gas is oxidized to nitrite and nitrate, so the degree of maturity can be judged by the presence of nitrite or nitrate, and Because the measurement of these two indicators is relatively fast and simple, it has good practical value; 3 Composting process is accompanied by the process of humification. Studying the changes of humification parameters is an important method to evaluate the maturity. It is proposed that CEC (cation exchange capacity), humus HS, humic acid HA, fulvic acid FA, and Fuli Some FF and non-humus components such as NHF are used to evaluate compost maturity; 4 carbon source is the energy used by microorganisms, nitrogen source is the nutrient of microorganisms, carbon and nitrogen changes are one of the basic characteristics of compost, and C/N (solid phase) is the most commonly used parameter for evaluating maturity. However, some studies have pointed out that microorganisms are metabolized in the water-soluble phase in the degradation of compost raw materials, so the indicator of water-soluble organic carbon/organic nitrogen can be used as a parameter for compost maturity; 5 Organic acids are widely present in unfermented compost, and compost maturity can be evaluated by studying changes in organic acids. (3) The change of microbial activity in the stock and the effect of compost on plant growth are often used to evaluate compost maturity. These indicators mainly include respiration, biological activity and seed germination rate experiments. Specifically: 1 Compost is a stable product rich in humus. The microorganisms are dormant. At this time, the biodegradation rate of humus and carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption are slow. Therefore, the production of carbon dioxide and the rate of oxygen consumption of microorganisms can be used as indicators to reflect the maturity. ; 2 It is also possible to characterize the stability and maturity of compost with parameters reflecting changes in microbial activity such as enzyme activity, ATP and the number and type of microorganisms; 3 The unfertilized compost product has an inhibitory effect on the growth of plants. Therefore, the composting degree of the compost can be evaluated by the growth condition of the plant in the mixture of compost and soil. Considering the practical significance of compost maturity, this is the final and most convincing. Evaluation method. (4) Spectral analysis method can understand the composting process and the maturity problem from the perspective of material structure. So far, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance method and infrared spectroscopy method have been used. Infrared spectroscopy can distinguish characteristic functional groups of compounds, and NMR method. Skeleton information of organic molecules can be provided. Second, the application of organic fertilizer fermentation maturity index in practice Among these methods for evaluating the maturity index, the commonly used carbon-nitrogen ratio index, the determination of the oxygen consumption rate, the determination of NO3--N and NH4+-N are relatively quick and simple, and the absorption of the heap by sodium hydroxide solution is produced. The method of determining the amount of CO2 gas produced is often used as a standard laboratory comparative test method. However, the application of these evaluation methods often yields different results. This is because the composting degree of compost is affected by many factors. The evaluation of a single indicator can only reflect the effect of a certain obstacle factor unilaterally, and cannot directly reflect the growth characteristics of plants. . Therefore, a single indicator cannot be used to evaluate the compost of compost. The composting product is finally used as the organic fertilizer for crop production. The seed germination index is a good biological indicator, which comprehensively reflects the phytotoxicity of the compost product. Therefore, the currently accepted evaluation method of compost maturity is to compare the chemical index with The biological indicators are combined, and multiple indicators are used to determine multiple indicators, and then the composting status of the compost is comprehensively analyzed based on these indicators. The California Compost Quality Committee (CCQC) recommends that more than two chemical/biological indicators be used to evaluate compost maturity. The evaluation indicator consists of three parts: 1 carbon to nitrogen ratio; At least one of the 2A test indicators; At least one of the 3B test indicators. The C/N test must be less than or equal to 25 before testing in Groups A and B. Group A test indicators: mainly to characterize the degree of degradation of organic matter in compost, content of CO2 release, oxygen consumption rate and self-heat generation. Group B test indicators: mainly to characterize the chemical properties of compost products that may cause toxicity to plants, including the ratio of NH4+-N and NO3--N, ammonia concentration, concentration of volatile organic acids, and seed germination or plant growth. test. Third, the seed germination rate experiment For some organic fertilizer manufacturers, the indicators for judging compost maturity include the following three parts: (1) Sensory indicators: indicators such as temperature, odor and color, which need to be recorded regularly. (2) Biochemical indicators: C/N, organic matter, humification and other indicators. (3) Biological indicators: seed germination rate experiment Generally, when the seed germination rate is above 50%, it means that the organic fertilizer is basically decomposed. Taking the green cabbage seeds as the experimental object, the experimental steps are as follows: 1 Prepare two Petri dishes and place a piece of filter paper, numbered 1 and 2. 2 Pour 30 ml of the organic fertilizer extract into the Petri dish No. 1 and pour 30 ml of water into the Petri dish #2. 3 Sprinkle 20 seeds into each dish and incubate at 21 ° C for 2 days at a constant temperature. 4 Record the number of germinated seeds in No.1 and No.2, respectively, a, b. Record the average root length of seeds 1 and 2 as c, d, respectively. 5 Seed germination rate = [(a / 20) * c] / [(b / 20) * d] * 100% (China Organic Fertilizer Association) This article URL: About organic fertilizer fermentation maturity related standards, you should know these contents Foot Spa Massager,Bath Foot Massager Machine,Foot Spa Bath,Bath Foot Massager With Bubble Huaian Mimir Electric Appliance Co., LTD , https://www.mimirfootbath.com