How high-yield open watermelon

In recent years, the cultivation of late-maturing watermelon in the open field has developed rapidly, and the melon farmers have also obtained good economic benefits, and the planting area has been expanding year by year.

1. Site selection and stubble selection As the growing season of late-maturing watermelon in open field coincides with the rainy season, it is necessary to choose sandy loam with higher terrain, deep soil layer and good drainage and irrigation. In addition, the previous crops have a greater impact on the yield, quality, and disease resistance of watermelons. Suitable previous crops can increase the yield and quality of watermelons, increase the disease resistance of the plants, and lay a good foundation for high and stable yields. Strictly avoid continuous cropping of watermelon. Generally, it is necessary to rotate once every 5 to 6 years, otherwise the watermelon wilt will be serious.

2. Sowing at the right time The specific sowing time needs to be determined according to local conditions. It is best to sow one week before the final frost. Take Shandong as an example. Generally, we choose sunny day for sowing in mid-to-late April. Seedlings should be raised 15 to 20 days earlier than normal sowing. If it is covered with mulch, it can be properly advanced. The planting density depends on the variety, generally 700 to 900 plants per mu, the row spacing is set to 1.5 meters, and the plant spacing is 0.5 meters.

Before planting the watermelon, it is necessary to urge the germination, that is, soak it in warm water at 55°C for 15-20 minutes, and then continue to soak the seeds at room temperature for 10-12 hours. After removing it, rub the mucus with a cloth and place it at 30°C~35 The germination treatment under the constant temperature of ℃, after about 30 hours, can be used for sowing after the buds are exposed. Watermelon sowing****** is to choose sunny days, generally the seedlings can emerge 7 days after sowing.

3. Fertilization management The fertilization of open-field watermelon must be "sufficient, precise and ingenious", that is, adequate base fertilizer, refined fertilizer, and smart topdressing. The base fertilizer is the basis for the high yield of watermelon, which has a huge impact on the yield and quality, and must be sufficient. Top dressing is one of the important links of field management and one of the important measures for watermelon yield. The top dressing of open-field watermelon is generally carried out in 3 times, the first time is in the group stage, which is the 5-leaf stage, 10~15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to one mu of land, and the second top dressing is carried out 7 days after the flower. Topdressing 15-20 kg of urea and 10-15 kg of potash fertilizer per mu of land, the third time is when the mouth of the young melon bowl is large, applying 10 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu.

4. Irrigation management Watermelon is a drought-tolerant crop. Drought-resistance is afraid of waterlogging, so it should be irrigated in a timely and appropriate amount. The sowing water of open watermelon shall be subject to the infiltration sowing ditch. When the watermelon enters the group stage, watering should be combined with the first top dressing. The amount of water should be moderate to penetrate the border surface. When the fruit enters the swelling period, the water demand of the plant will increase sharply. It is necessary to pour the swelling water with the second top dressing. This time the amount of water should be increased. The soil should be sufficiently moist. Generally, it should be watered once every 7 to 10 days. Evenly, prevent melon cracking.

5. Artificial assisted pollination Watermelon mainly relies on insect pollination. In the low temperature and rainy weather, insect activities are less and artificial assisted pollination is required. Artificial auxiliary pollination of watermelon in open field can increase the sitting rate of melons, increase the yield, and keep the watermelon maturity period consistent. The best time for artificial assisted pollination is 6~8 o'clock every morning. It can be postponed appropriately on cloudy days, and pollination is not suitable for rainy days. Fertilization can be completed 2 to 3 hours after pollination.

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