Chinese herbal medicine fertilization technology
The general principle of fertilization is: 1-2 years old whole grass medicinal materials, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the seedling stage to promote stem and leaf growth; seed and fruit medicinal materials should be applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; perennial and root and underground stem medicinal materials should be adequately organic when preparing the soil. Fertilizer, need to chase three fertilizers in the growth period, the first time in the spring germination, the second time in the flower bud differentiation stage, the third time before the flowering effect, before the winter into the dormancy, it is necessary to reapply the winter fertilizer. Rational fertilization plays an important role in promoting the growth and development of medicinal plants and increasing yield and quality. At present, there are two misunderstandings in the cultivation of medicinal materials. One is that no fertilizer is applied at all; the other is the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizer. 1. Fertilize according to the characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials Due to the variety of Chinese medicinal materials and the stages of their growth and development, the types and quantities of nutrients required and the absorption strength of nutrients are also different. Usually for perennial, especially rhizome medicinal plants, such as white peony, rhubarb, codonopsis, achyranthes, peony, etc., mainly using fully decomposed organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to meet the whole growth cycle of nutrients Need; for the whole grass Chinese herbal medicines, nitrogen fertilizer can be properly applied; for Chinese herbal medicines of flowers, fruits and seeds, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. Fertilization is different in different growth stages of Chinese medicinal materials. In the early stage of growth, more nitrogen fertilizer is used, the amount used is less, and the concentration is lower; in the middle growth period, the amount and concentration of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly increased; in the later stage of growth, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used to promote fruit ripening. The seeds are plump. Second, according to soil characteristics fertilization (1) Sand: Re-apply organic fertilizer, such as manure, compost, green manure, soil and fertilizer, etc., and add clay to thicken the soil layer and strengthen its ability to retain water and fertilizer. Top dressing should be applied in small amounts, avoiding excessive use and loss. (2) Clay: More organic fertilizer should be applied, combined with sand and furnace ash, with fluffy soil to increase the permeability of the soil, and the quick-acting fertilizer should be used as seed fertilizer and early top dressing to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. Tree. (3) Sand: This kind of soil has the advantages of sand and clay. It is the most ideal soil for most Chinese herbal medicine cultivation. Fertilization combines organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and rationally applies fertilizer according to the growth stages of cultivars. 3. Fertilize according to local climatic conditions In low temperature and dry seasons and regions, it is best to apply decomposed organic fertilizer to improve the ground force and the ability to protect the soil, and the fertilizer should be applied early and applied in depth to fully exert the fertilizer effect. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer are used together as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing, which is beneficial to early emergence and growth of seedlings. In the high temperature and rainy seasons, the fertilizer decomposes quickly, the plant has a strong decomposition ability, and the top dressing should not be applied too early, and the amount should be reduced to reduce the nutrient loss. Fourth, the principle of fertilization (1) Based on nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are combined. (2) Based on the base fertilizer, with the application of top dressing and seed fertilizer. (3) Based on farmyard manure, farmyard manure is combined with chemical fertilizer. The use of chemical fertilizers on the basis of the application of farmyard manure can shorten the length, ease the emergency, and continuously improve the fertility of the soil. At the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, inhibit the side effects of simple application of chemical fertilizers, and improve the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. 5. Types of fertilizers to be used, topdressing period and precautions 1. Organic fertilizer: Also known as farmyard fertilizer, it is generally used as base fertilizer. Such as compost, cake fertilizer, green manure, etc., its source is rich and rich, containing a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients. Long-term application can enhance the soil's agglomerate structure, improve soil properties, improve soil fertility, water retention capacity and ventilation. Sexually, it has a good effect on perennial and root and underground stem Chinese herbal medicines such as yam, ginseng and platycodon. Several organic fertilizers are now introduced as follows: 1 cake fat. Cake fertilizer has a good effect on the quality of traditional Chinese medicine, and the decomposed cake fertilizer can be used appropriately. Generally, high-nitrogen oil cakes do not contain toxic substances, and can be applied as a fertilizer as long as they are pulverized. Oil cakes with low nitrogen content often contain saponin or other toxic substances. Fertilizers must be fermented to remove toxins. Toxin-containing oil cakes include rapeseed cake, tea cake, Tongzi cake, castor cake, cypress cake, Xanthium cake, dried pepper cake and eucalyptus cake. 2 people, animal waste. Human and animal excreta must be stored and decomposed before they are suitable for application. It is strictly forbidden to pour unfertile people and livestock excrement on Chinese medicine plants. There are three reasons: First, fresh people, livestock manure and urine contain a variety of pathogenic bacteria; second, fresh people, livestock manure and urine are difficult to be absorbed by plants, and are not easily preserved by soil; third is the salt content of fresh people, animal waste If the nutrient concentration is too high, the soil nutrient distribution will be uneven and affect the growth of the crop. 3 green manure. There are abundant green manure sources in China, and there are more than 200 kinds of green manure plants that have been cultivated and utilized for cultivation and utilization. It is an important natural fertilizer source for the development and utilization of Chinese herbal medicines in GAP planting. In the southern provinces of China, the use of winter free fields to cultivate Chinese milk vetch, broccoli, arrow peas, fertilizer radishes, and broad beans, peas and rapeseed as the main source of crops for the coming year, while the northern provinces and regions have mostly green fertilizers per year, and the species have arrows. Peas, grass rhinoceros, mung beans, etc. 4 stalks of fertilizer. It is one of the important organic fertilizer sources. Crop straw contains a considerable amount of nutrients necessary for crops. Under suitable conditions, soil microbes or livestock digestion can return nutrients to the soil and be absorbed by crops. Straw returned to the field. Straw returning fields can take various forms such as stacking and returning the fields, returning the fields to the fields (animal excrement), directly turning back the fields, and returning the fields. When operating, the straw should be directly turned into the soil, pay attention to fully mix with the soil, do not produce root overhead phenomenon, and add nitrogen-rich people, livestock excrement, and some nitrogen fertilizer can also be used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio after returning to the field ( 20:1). 5 microbial fertilizers. It is an active microbial preparation produced by the cultivation of specific microbial strains. It has the characteristics of non-toxic and harmless, and does not pollute the environment. It has obvious effects on reducing the nitrate content of Chinese herbal medicines and improving the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. It can be used for seed dressing and doing. Base fertilizer or top dressing. 6 foliar (outside) spray fertilizer. Foliar (outer root) spray fertilizer is a fertilizer that is sprayed on the leaves of plants and can be absorbed and utilized by them. It can contain a small amount of natural plant growth regulators (no chemically synthesized plant growth regulators should be used). It is usually made up of natural organic extracts or fermentation broths inoculated with beneficial fungi, supplemented with Vitamins, algae, amino acids and other nutrients, and some are trace element fertilizers. It can be applied 1 or more times, but the last time must be sprayed 20 days before harvest. 7 other fertilizers. Such as sawdust, shavings, wood waste, preservative-free fish slag, bone meal, bone glue waste, poultry and livestock processing waste, sugar factory waste, urban domestic waste, etc. It must be treated in a harmless manner before use, and can only be used after reaching the standard. Moreover, the amount of sticky soil per hectare of farmland is not more than 45 tons per year, and the sandy soil is no more than 30 tons. 2. Inorganic fertilizer: Also known as chemical fertilizer, this type of fertilizer contains only one or two inorganic fertilizer ingredients, which has high effective nutrients and fast fertilizer efficiency (called quick-acting fertilizer), and is generally used as top dressing. The use of such fertilizers alone can cause soil compaction, and if used in combination with organic fertilizers, the problem of soil compaction can be solved. And some fertilizers are also selective for plants and soil. Inorganic fertilizers can be used for whole grasses, leaves, fruit seeds, and flower Chinese herbal medicines. 3. Trace element fertilizers: such as boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, etc., used for soaking seeds or root spray fertilizer. The use of such fertilizers should pay attention to the selection of the appropriate concentration and dosage. In the case of ensuring the fertilizer efficiency and the quality of the medicinal materials, it can be combined with the control of pests and diseases, and the fertilizer and pesticides can be mixed and sprayed. Topdressing type, topdressing period and precautions: Topdressing is mainly based on organic (fast-acting) fertilizer, combined with rainfall application. In order to meet the nutrient requirements of the growth and development stages of Chinese medicinal materials in a timely and sufficient manner, they must be applied in different stages of growth and development, in stages and in batches. Perennial Chinese medicinal materials are often applied in different periods such as regreening, tillering, bud, and flowering. Chinese herbal medicines with seeds and fruits as medicines are good for topdressing in the bud stage and flowering stage; Chinese herbal medicines with roots, rhizomes and bulbs as medicines can obtain high yield when topdressing in the lower part of the ground. Chinese herbal medicines harvested many times a year should be topdressed in time after each harvest. Pay attention to the variety, concentration and dosage of fertilizer when topdressing, so as not to cause fat damage. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone Veterinary Drugs: refers to substances (including medicated feed additives) used to prevent, treat, diagnose animal diseases or purposefully regulate animal physiological functions.
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