Strawberry Powdery Mildew Prevention Technology
Strawberry powdery mildew is a major disease in strawberry production, especially in the case of grassy mildew in protected areas. When the disease occurs seriously, the diseased leaf rate is above 45%, and the disease rate is over 50%, which seriously affects the yield, quality and economic benefits of strawberries. In the whole growth season of strawberry can occur, seedling disease caused by the quality of seedlings decreased, not easy to survive after transplantation; fruit infection seriously affected the quality of strawberries, resulting in decreased yield. Under suitable conditions, it can develop rapidly and spread into disasters. The hazardous symptoms of strawberry powdery mildew are mainly harmful to leaves, petioles, flowers, pedicels and fruits, and rarely occur on stolons. The leaves are infected and a thin layer of white mycelium grows on the back of the leaves at the beginning of the disease. As the disease progresses, the leaves curl up upwards in a spoon-like shape and produce dark stains of different sizes. Afterwards, the lesion gradually expands and the back of the leaves is generated. A thin layer of creamy white powder (which is the conidiophore and conidia of the pathogen), and in the event of severe disease, multiple lesions are connected together to form a patch, which can cover the entire leaf; later, a red-brown lesion appears. Leaf margin atrophy, scorch. Flower buds, flowers infected, pink petals, buds can not be opened. If the fruit is infected, the young fruit cannot expand normally and is dry. If the victim suffers from later stages, the fruit surface is covered with a layer of white powder. As the disease progresses, the fruit loses its luster and hardens, and the coloration deteriorates, which seriously affects the quality of the berry and loses its commercial value. The optimum temperature for pathogenic bacteria infection is 15~25°C and relative humidity is more than 80%, but rain has inhibitory effect on powdery mildew, and spores cannot germinate in water droplets; below 5°C and above 35°C are not conducive to disease. The perennial period of strawberry in protected areas in Zhejiang and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ranges from late February to early May and late October to December. The sensitive period of strawberry onset is from fruit-setting stage to late-harvesting stage, and the incubation period for disease onset is 5 to 10 days. Protected cultivation occurs earlier than strawberry cultivated in open field, causing long-term damage and heavy damage. The excessive planting density, extensive management, poor ventilation and light transmission conditions, weak plant growth, etc., can easily lead to the occurrence of powdery mildew. Alternating between high temperature and drought and high temperature and high humidity during strawberry growth, the incidence increased. There is a large difference in disease resistance among varieties. Incidence of incidence and temperature, humidity relationship: Strawberry powdery mildew is a disease of low temperature and high humidity, the appropriate temperature for disease on the 15 °C ~ 25 °C, conidia generation and infection suitable temperature is about 20 °C, relative humidity more than 90%. If you encounter continuous sunshine, rain, fog, snow and other low sunshine weather from late autumn to early spring, the temperature is low, and the relative humidity is good for the continuous production of spores, repeated dip, resulting in outbreaks of the disease. The relationship between disease incidence and cultivation management: The incidence of strawberry in greenhouses is early and heavy. The initial period of disease is about one month earlier than that of newly-built sheds. The former was mostly in mid-October, and the latter only appeared in the middle of November. Fertilization is closely related to disease, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, strawberry growth, leafy and green susceptible to powdery mildew. Such as appropriate, appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizer incidence is lighter. Prevention and control points Strawberry powdery mildew prevention and treatment should be based on prevention, comprehensive application of agricultural control, safe use of chemical control. The specific measures are as follows: 1. Adopt disease-resistant varieties, such as Baozao Zaosheng. 2. Clearing the garden in winter, burning its diseased leaves and stubbles. 3. In the growing season, the old leaves and diseased leaves on the ground must be promptly removed and the diseased fruits should be removed. They should be deeply buried and should not be thrown away. Pay attention to the ventilation conditions in the garden, and drain it in time after the rain. In the application of fertilizers to increase organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer. 4. Chemical control: (1) The right medicine. To use Krem 200 times, 800-1000 times the letter, 800-1000 times the DuPont Fuxing 800-1000 times liquid, 1000-1500 times the liquor, "control white" 1000 times liquid and so on. (2) Proper control. To use the drug at the beginning of the disease, give it once every 7-10 days. (3) Improve the quality of prevention and control. Liquid medicine should be sprayed on the foliage and leaves, and alternately use various agents as far as possible. (4) To master the safety interval, use drugs to stop the use of drugs 7 days before harvest to control pesticide residues, ensure uniform and thorough spraying, spray once every 5-7 days, and shorten the use of bactericidal pesticides when severe disease occurs. Time interval. At the same time, the diseased plants were cleaned out of the park. Matters needing attention 1. Strawberry powdery mildew focuses on prevention, and the control effect is limited after serious illness. 2. The azole drugs are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of strawberry powdery mildew in the greenhouse. If one dose is too large or is used for many times, the growth of the strawberry will be inhibited. 3. The use of a large number of agents can cause deformity later in life. 4. Pay attention to safe operation and avoid poisoning. 5. Kerim is a bio-sourced pesticide, which contains a lot of nutrients, which has a certain effect on improving strawberry quality and increasing yield.
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S-23 demonstrates a markedly strong bond to androgen receptors
S-23 is an modern selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with the added interest in its potential for male hormonal contraceptive. It binds to the androgen receptor more strongly than older compounds such as Andarine with a Ki of 1.7nM, and in animal studies it showed both a good ratio of anabolic to androgenic effects, and dose-dependent suppression of spermatogenesis with spontaneous recovery after cessation of research.
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S-23 Function
S-23 not only boosted muscle mass, but also reduced fat mass, as studied. SARMs have a bit of a 'soft' image in the doping world. They don't stimulate muscle growth in the way that anabolic Steroids do, but many users say that they are safer.
There are no studies yet that confirm this suspicion. But that S23 is not one of the safer SARMs - we'd be willing to wager a bottle of BCAAs on that.
S23 halts the production of sperm in the testes. In fact it does this so well that the researchers suspect S23 might be a good candidate for a male contraceptive. If this is the case it would probably have to be part of a cocktail that also contains an estradiol analogue, the researchers discovered. The lab animals lost their libido when they were given S23 on its own, and only recovered this when they were given estradiol benzoate together with the S23.
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