High-yield cultivation techniques of sugar beets and pest control
How to grow beets? Sugar beets are widely cultivated in the northeastern part of China. The northeast spring sowing area mainly includes the Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces, the Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang Province, the western part of Jilin and Liaoning, and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. Large, conducive to the accumulation of sugar in sugar beets. 1 Beet cultivation conditions Beet is a cold-tolerant crop. It can withstand a low temperature of about 5 °C at the seedling stage, while the spring temperature in the north is low. It shows its low temperature and stable yield in the areas where frost is more frequent in early spring. During the sugar accumulation period of sugar beet, The large accumulation of sugar in sugar beet is a key stage to promote high sugar in sugar beet. During this period, sufficient light, large temperature difference between day and night and moderate soil moisture are conducive to the accumulation of sugar beet. At this time, it is the autumn season in the north. Meteorological factors are more conducive to sugar accumulation in sugar beets than in the south. From the perspective of ecological adaptability, China's sugar beets are mostly distributed in the north. In the western region, drought and little rain, except for the precipitation of sugar beet seedlings in the whole area, the precipitation period is basically the same as that of sugar beet. It is beneficial to the growth of sugar beet. The soil in this area mainly includes black soil, black soil, grass soil and western area. Part of the saline-alkali soil, except for the lower fertility of saline-alkali soil, has certain influence on the growth of seedlings, and other soil fertility is higher, which is suitable for cultivation of sugar beet, which requires more fertilizer. 2 Beet cultivation techniques 2.1 Site selection Quality land is the basis and prerequisite for ensuring high yield of sugar beet. Beet cultivation must choose fertile soil, flat terrain, good drainage, and it is best to use wheat, corn, potatoes, and melons that have not been planted with beets for more than four years to avoid heavy smashing. Avoid drainage when selecting land. Poor low-lying land, easy dry land and underground pests and root rot more serious plots; in addition, four years of application of green yellow dragon, bean yellow dragon, Pu Shite and other herbicides are prohibited to grow beets, otherwise, will be Produces a great phytotoxicity. 2.2 Site preparation Beets are deep-rooted crops. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen and shallowly turn over the ground to achieve the upper squat. It is best to choose autumn land preparation, and it is a continuous operation, timely suppression, to maintain the lyrics, deep pine should reach 35 cm, break the bottom of the plow, Make the soil layer soft, avoiding the dry layer and large clods. 2.3 improved seed selection and treatment When selecting seeds, you should choose high-quality, high-yield, strong-resistance, and high-sugar varieties. Before sowing, it is necessary to raise the germination rate by seeding. When the agent is treated, it can be prepared by using methyl thiophosphorus 1 kg and 50 kg of water to prepare a liquid. It can soak seeds 50 kg and soak for 24 to 36 hours to effectively control the seedling stage. Pest. 2.3.1 Sowing period Early sowing before sowing can effectively prolong the growth period of sugar beet and ensure high yield of sugar beet. Practice has proved that if the sowing conditions are appropriate, if the sowing date is postponed one day later, the sugar beet should be reduced by 20 to 40 kg. Therefore, it must be combined. Local climatic conditions, choose the best time to sow, so as not to delay the agricultural time, timely early sowing can not only prolong the sugar beet growth period, increase production, but also catch the lyrics to benefit the whole seedlings and strong seedlings, while enhancing its resistance to pests and diseases and resisting frost Ability. After sowing, it is necessary to carry out repression in time, which will make the seed and the soil close to each other, which will help the water in the lower layer of the soil to rise. The time and method of repression should be determined according to the actual condition of the soil. The soil has a heavy weight and a large water content. Slight suppression; on the contrary, the soil is relatively dry and loose, and the porosity is large. In addition to the dry weather, it is necessary to immediately suppress it, and the degree of compaction is heavier. 2.3.2 Reasonable dense planting Reasonable close planting is an important measure to ensure high yield of sugar beet. Effective and reasonable close planting can make the beet make full use of the absorption rate of nutrients and fertilizers in the soil, reduce the evaporation of water, promote the utilization of light energy, and achieve the goal of high yield. The experiment proves that when the planting density is about 3000, the mu The production is about 3.8 tons, and when the planting density is about 6000, the yield per mu is about 4.4 tons, and the yield is nearly 16%. 2.4 Fertilization program Scientific and effective fertilization is the combination of high-quality farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be rationally formulated, and the base fertilizer and seed fertilizer should be combined. The high-quality farmyard manure should be no less than 2000 kg per mu. In combination with special fertilizer 45-50 kg, 15-15-15 potassium sulfate type, the first soil conditioning Fertilizers such as soil, Wolft, and Opal can be formulated by the growers. The specific ratio is: urea 12 kg, diammonium sulfate 25 kg, and potassium sulfate 13 kg. If the planting land is insufficient in fertility, Increase the proportion of fertilizers as appropriate. If the soil is deficient in boron, apply borax 0.5 to 0.75 kg on the foliage. 2.5 Strengthening field management 2.5.1 Chatian replanting Pay attention to the seed germination and germination before seed emergence. If there is any dry phenomenon, it should be replanted at any time. If the seedling is found after planting, it should be replanted immediately. 2.5.2 irrigation and preservation seedlings After the paper tube seedlings are transplanted, if there is drought, it is necessary to spray the water in time, so that the seedling stage can not be cut off. Otherwise, it will not only affect the growth of the seedlings, but also it will be difficult to promote the seedlings. After the sowing of the live beets, if there is drought, they should immediately carry out the ditch irrigation or Sprinkler irrigation. 2.5.3 and time seedlings and seedlings When a pair of true leaves is grown, it is necessary to carry out the seedlings, and each seedling can be left with 2 to 3 plants; 2 for the true leaves, the seedlings can be fixed, and each seedling can be left with 1 strong seedling. 2.5.4 cultivating and weeding During the first ploughing, the furrows should be deep and loose, and three shovel and three shovel should be done. 2.5.5 timely topdressing After the seedlings are planted, the urea is applied 8-10 kg per mu on the ridge side. The distance between the fertilizer and the seedlings should reach 7 cm or more. The topdressing period should not exceed the end of June. The boron-deficient field can be supplemented with boron after 2 weeks. % quick-acting boron 15g, or frank spray with 300 times of rich bio-energy foliar fertilizer, spray 2 or 3 times, each time about 10 days to 12 days. 2.6 Pest Control 2.6.1 Beet brown spot This disease is a worldwide disease that seriously harms the production of sugar beet. It occurs in all sugar beet producing areas in China. It is the key control object in sugar beet production. It should be investigated from the end of June, and the incidence rate is statistically high. At the time of %, the first spraying is carried out, and after 1 week, the second spraying is carried out, and at least 3 times of spraying, 70% methyl thiophanate or 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid can be selected, and about 30 kg per mu, the leaf surface is implemented. Spray can effectively control the development of the disease. 2.6.2 Blight Before seeding, the seeds are treated with chemicals. Seeds can be mixed with 1% of Fumi cream. In the early stage of the blight, the seedlings will be loosened, shovel and ground temperature will be raised. If the paper tube seedlings are in the bed, if there is a blight, Immediately ventilate and dilute, reduce its humidity, and implement chemical control. 2.6.3 cabbage night worm Before the third age, foliar spraying can be carried out with 2.5% deltamethrin 1200-1500 times solution to eliminate the insect. 2.6.4 Prevention of Jumping Armor A spray of 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution can be used. 2.7 harvest period Beets must be harvested before the frost falls, and harvested and cut in time to prevent the sugar beet from being damaged by frost. It should be sent to the sugar factory for processing in time, or buryed in time. The above is the whole content of sugar beet cultivation. Welcome everyone to come to Huinong.com to learn the technology of sugar beet cultivation. 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