Circulating microparticles in cardiovascular disease: effects on atherosclerosis and thrombosis

Abstract: Shantusila E, Gregory YH Lip from the Centre for Cardiovascular Science at the University of Birmingham and Kamphuisen PW from the Department of Vascular Medicine at the University of Amsterdam, jointly published a review article entitled "Circulating microparticles in cardiovascular disease: implications for atherogenesis and atherothrombosis". The research progress and current status of microparticles in cardiovascular diseases at home and abroad are introduced, and the research on microparticles in cardiovascular related fields is prospected. This review was published in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
The author of the article is Gregory YH Lip of the Cardiovascular Research Center at the University of Birmingham. Other researchers include Shantila E of the Cardiovascular Research Center at the University of Minnes and Kamphuisen PW from the Department of Vascular Medicine at the University of Amsterdam.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are one of the most important risk factors affecting human health. As China continues to enter an aging society, how to control cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has become a challenge for disease control in China and the world. With the continuous development of medical research, the medical community has deepened its understanding of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and prognosis, but there are still many unknown areas that need to be further explored and studied. With the rapid development of molecular cell biology, it is becoming more and more important methods and ways to find the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases through microscopic fields.
Microparticles are a class of phospholipid vesicles that are released from different cells such as platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells, and endothelial cells. The microparticles carry not only membrane proteins, but also cytoplasmic substances derived from the mother cells for inducing biological responses. Approximately 25% of the procoagulant response is associated with the release of microparticles that occur simultaneously with platelet activation, and the surface coagulation effect is approximately 50-100 times greater than the procoagulant effect produced by platelet activation in the absence of microparticle release. Several studies have confirmed that the shedding of microparticles from mother cells is not only a passive process accompanied by cell dysfunction and apoptosis, but also a regulatory mechanism for a variety of intercellular signaling. In addition, through the study of microparticles in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis, it is suggested that microparticles may play a role as biological messengers in life activities.
In this review article, Shantila E et al. systematically reviewed the results and recent advances in microbial research in the field of cardiovascular disease between 1966 and 2010, detailing EMPs (endothelial microparticles) and PMPs (platelet microparticles). ), LMPs (white blood cell microparticles) and other three different functions of each particle, and focus on the effects and mechanisms of microparticles in the formation of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Finally, the authors note that the current bottleneck in the in-depth study of microparticles is that microparticles (only 0.1 μM in diameter) are too small to be reliably recognized by conventional flow cytometers (currently only the UK Apogee flow cytometer recognizes 0.1). μM diameter particles). However, as the performance of the instrument is optimized, the function of the microparticles in cardiovascular disease will likely be further revealed.
Note: Apogee is from the UK and provides flow cytometry products and related support services to more than 20 countries around the world. The Apogee flow cytometer has a sensitivity of 100 nm and can be used for microbial studies of bacteria, viruses and other relatively small cells, which is not possible with other flow cytometers.
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Anti coccidiosis

Control of coccidiosis:

Control of chicken Eimeria disease.

Coccidiosis is a parasite disease, which can cause serious loss of meat and egg production in domestic poultry. The multiplication of parasites in small intestine leads to the prevention of damage, reduction of intake and nutrient absorption rate in feed, dehydration and blood loss. Coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria, a single cell parasite. Eimeria's life cycle is about 4-7 days. Eimeria's life began when the active egg sac was eaten and eaten by chickens. An "egg sac" is a capsule with a thick protective layer to protect the parasites. They are "spores" or uninfective, but if the humidity, temperature or oxygen are appropriate, they start to grow. After the chicken took the egg sac, the coccidiosis was implanted in the intestine, and the cells were embedded several times and multiplied, which damaged the tissue.

Antibiotics: This kind of medicine mainly includes monensin, lasalleomycin, salinomycin, naramycin, Maduramycin, Hainanmycin and so on. The mechanism of action is as follows: there is one organic acid group and several ether groups in the molecular structure of the drug, which is negatively charged in the solution. It can combine with sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other cations that play an important role in the body to form fat soluble complexes, improve the permeability of the insect cell membrane to potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium plasma, and assist the cation to enter the body, This kind of medicine belongs to insecticidal drugs, because it can form a large osmotic pressure difference inside and outside the cell, water enters in a large amount, and the body cell of the insect expands, breaks and dies. These drugs can also interfere with the transport of nutrients through the cell membrane, limit the absorption of sugars by parasites, and inhibit the growth and development of parasites. Therefore, they have a wide spectrum of coccidiosis resistance. There are cross resistance and cumulative effect between these drugs, but no synergistic effect.

Eimeria tenella and Eimeria virulent, In ducks and geese coccidia of the genus Taize and Eimeria, e foE. arloigni and E. faurei in sheep and goats, Eimeria skrjabini of rabbit

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