Wheat shell sporulation
The symptoms are also known as wheat spot blight. The main damage leaves, leaf sheaths, but also harm the stems and ears. During the period of the damage, jointing to heading was even worse. The pathogenesis of the leaves expanded from the bottom to the top. The susceptible leaves showed light green to yellow spindle-shaped lesions between the veins, followed by a continuation of the formation of large white spots, with small black spots (conidia). Sometimes the lesion is yellow stripe, yellow and green veins, yellow dwarf like shape, but the edge of the stripe wave-shaped, and through the whole leaf, severe yellow part into a dry white, black spots on the students, that pathogenic bacteria meristem Sporulator. Sometimes only the tip of the diseased leaves are dry and the diseased leaves sometimes turn yellow and droop. Lesions sometimes spread from the sheath to the stem and invade the panicle and make it dry. The pathogen, Septoria tritici Rob. et Desm., is known as the spore fungus of the genus Aspergillus. Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckd) Sand. Is an Ascomycete subphylum fungus. No report has been reported in our country. The conidiospore was buried under the epidermis of the leaves of wheat, flat spherical, dark brown, size 150 ~ 20060 ~ 100 (μm), slightly protruding hole. Conidia are colorless, of two sizes, large conidial spores, long and slightly curved, 3 to 5 septations, size 35 to 981 to 3 (μm); small conidia are single cells, fine Short, size 5～90.3～1(μm), both spores can infect wheat. Conidial germination temperature suitable 2 ~ 37 °C, the optimum 20 ~ 25 °C, mycelium growth optimum temperature 20 ~ 24 °C. Transmission routes and conditions Winter wheat pathogens overwhelmed the summer wheat residues and infested the wheat seedlings sown in the autumn and used mycelia to overwinter on wheat seedlings. In spring wheat area, conidia and mycelia are overwintering on the diseased body. The conditions of late spring are suitable. The conidia release conidia and spread by wind and rain. Under suitable temperature intrusion, the incubation period is 15 to 21 days. The disease is susceptible to onset in low temperature and high humidity conditions. When the night temperature reached above 8°C and there was rain, the onset was rapid, continuous cropping, and the application of uncontaminated fertilizers with pathogens was heavy; soil was infertile and nitrogen was too much to cause the disease; winter wheat sowing was too early and the disease might be aggravated. Control methods (1) Selection of resistant (resistant) varieties such as Yangmai 1, Ganmai 23, Niumiti, cooperation No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, etc., can be selected according to local conditions use. (2) Strengthen agricultural control measures to remove the sick and plough the crops. Elimination of field seedlings and reduction of overwintering (summer) bacteria. Winter wheat is broadcast late in time. Using fully decomposed organic fertilizer, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, using balanced fertilization techniques. Serious illness fields should be implemented for more than 3 years of rotation. (3) Chemical control 1 Seed treatment: 0.15% triadimefon or thiabendazole, 0.03% triadimenol (active ingredient), 40% multifuge, and 0.2% seed weight. 2 severe wards, 70% thiophanate-methyl (methyl thiophanate) WP 800 to 1000 times or 50% carbendazim WP 600 to 800 times, 25% in the early stage of wheat tillering and flowering Benomyl EC 800 times, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 to 600 times, 70% Mancozeb WP 400 to 600 times, every 10 to 15 days, spray 2 or 3 times .
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