Cultivation Techniques of Cymbidium
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Cymbidium grandiflorum is planted and semi-cultivated in large flowers and mid-flowered strains of Simbillon. Warm sex, high humidity, adequate light, and a well-ventilated environment. First, the production of the basic conditions 1, light: In the summer and autumn to prevent direct light, the general light intensity of 15000Lux to 60000Lux. 2. Air humidity: The relative humidity requirement is 80% to 90%. 3. Ventilation: Plant tails should be seen fluttering. 4, temperature: night temperature 8 °C to 20 °C, daily temperature 20 °C to 30 °C. 5, water quality: the well water, spring water as the ideal source of water, pH value of 5.8 to 6.6 is better. Water wells and pools should be covered to prevent pollution. 6. Planting pots: mainly soft plastic pots, wide mouth, high feet, bottom, large holes. 7. Cultivation soil: The cultivation matrix should be loose in texture, with good granule structure, low colloid content, rich organic matter, good ventilation, strong drainage performance, good heat preservation and moisturizing performance, conducive to activity of aerobic microorganisms, and enhancement of the symbiotic ability of bacterium. 8, fertilizer: bone powder as the base fertilizer, different growth stages, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are different. Thin-fat, diligent, and more to increase the top dressing. 9, padding: rubble, charcoal, oyster shell and so on. Second, the choice of varieties selected large and medium-sized flowers, colorful, short leaves, good plant shape, long flowering period, strong disease resistance, easy to cultivate varieties. From the introduction of bottle seedlings, it is necessary to pay attention to the registration and numbering of scientific names. Plants without a scientific name are worthless as if they had no household registration, and they are not competitive. The weak seedlings, abnormal seedlings, and serious pests and diseases should be eliminated in time. Third, the cultivation of tissue culture seedlings 1, the bottle handling bottle seedlings introduced on the flower rack for about a week. Before the bottle is discharged, the bottle cover is fully opened, the bottle seedlings are allowed to adapt to the natural environment for 2 to 3 days, and then removed from the bottle. When all the seedlings are taken out, they should be rinsed in clean water, and then the medium attached to the roots should be cleaned gently with a short-blade pen, and then brewed with water. Otherwise, mildew will easily occur. According to the size of the strict grading, placed on a flower shelf covered with newspapers, if necessary, can be used after the dilution of the fungicide spray. 2, planting and management After disinfection of the bottle, can be planted on the seedling plate. Use a short disk that is not porous. Finer sphagnum moss is used for the plant material (if it is thick, it must be cut first). The sphagnum was soaked, rinsed, squeezed and dried to maintain a certain humidity and sterilized. For the first time, a layer of 1 cm thick sphagnum moss was spread on the plate, and then the roots of the seedlings were wrapped with water moss and rolled into small pieces, and placed one by one on the seedling plate. When planting seedlings need to be stable, it can not be too loose, big seedlings and small seedlings must be strictly separated cultivation. Place where light is weak, relatively cool, well ventilated, humidity should reach 80% to 90%. After the seeds were sprayed, the seedlings and the materials were sprayed wet. Spray the leaves several times a day, but strictly control them. Do not dry or wet them. Spray them with a sprayer each time. Two weeks later, a bactericidal pesticide was sprayed once a week. After the new root grows after 20 days, gradually increase the light, once a week outside the dressing, you can use "Huabao 1" or "general fertilizer", dilute 2,000 times the spray. About 6 to 8 months later, they can be transplanted into single plants in 10 cm soft pots. 3. The cultivation of seedling stage can be planted in a soft pot with a diameter of 10 cm in the first year, with one plant per pot. The substrate for the plant material may be bark grains, sphagnum moss, or peat soil plus cinder, particles having a diameter of 0.5 cm to 1 cm. Plant substrate detection: pH = 5.1. Night temperature 15 °C to 20 °C, daily temperature 20 °C to 30 °C. The light intensity ranges from 15,000 Lux to 20000 Lux from November to May, and 30000 Lux from June to October. From November to April, the greenhouses are covered with plastic film, and it is not necessary to use shade nets. The plastic film can be removed in early May and replaced with a 50% shading net. According to the light intensity, if necessary, add two adjustable shading nets to avoid sunburn. Pay attention to ventilation, air humidity to maintain 80% to 90%. Regular irrigation, especially in the dry climate in autumn, requires more water and irrigation every day. In winter, it grows slowly, requires less water and is fed once every two or three days. Irrigation should be done at about 11 o'clock in the morning, and it should be seen that the dry (plant material surface is dry and white) when the irrigation water, water can flow from the pelvic floor. Water management is one of the most important and complex pipe technologies in Cymbidium cultivation. Seedling stage is generally dominated by extra-root fertilizer. According to the principles of thin-fertilizer application, once a week, compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of 8:3:8 is diluted 1000 times. Generally do not apply fertilizer in winter, if necessary, dilute with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 times for root dressing, to avoid causing root rot. Cymbidium grandiflorum is susceptible to pests such as leaf blight, stalk rot, virus disease, scale insects, cockroaches, snails, aphids, and mites. After infecting the blue strain with a disease, the fungicide was sprayed from the site 3 cm away from the affected area. Remove sensitive plants and tissues and remove them from the greenhouse before watering. Do not allow the sap from the diseased tissue to escape during removal so as to avoid infection. Diseased plants removed from the greenhouse should be immediately sprayed with 2% formalin solution and then buried or burned. All weeds in the shed should be removed and weeds outside the shed should be regularly cleaned. When dividing plants or cutting leaves and flowers, disinfect with 5% formalin and 5% sodium hydroxide solution before each use of tools. Disinfect the implant matrix with steam fumigation or exposure. Use 5% bleach to sterilize the bed, frame and greenhouse ground, and roads. Prevent insects, people, equipment and other vector infections. Isolation of plants that are known or suspected to be infected. Newly planted plants must be isolated from the original plant for 3 months. 4. In the middle to early second year of management, change the diameter to 12 cm soft pot. 25 pots per square meter can be placed, and 15 pots can be widened in the second year. The use of plant material matrix particles can be suitably coarser, ie, about 1 cm to about 1.5 cm. Do not hurt the root when changing basins. In late November or early December, the shading net was removed and replaced with a plastic film. The room temperature was controlled at a night temperature of 18°C ​​and a daily temperature of 23°C. Light 40000 Lux, try to make light into the light after December. Apply 10 grams of basal fertilizer to the pelvic floor when changing the basin (mixture of soybean meal and bone meal 7:3 as a solid fertilizer). Before July, to promote growth, a general-purpose compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of 20:20:20 is used once a month, liquid fertilizer is applied once a week after August, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used 1000 times after liquidus after September. top dressing. During this period, it should focus on enriching the fake stem bulbs. For buds that occur during the growth period, they must all be removed, but if there is a pause in the growth, the buds will be left without being removed for renewal. 5. Management of large seedlings The end of the year to the beginning of the year can be replaced by 18 cm soft pots. Put 9 pots per square meter frame. The substrate of the plant material can be relatively thick, generally from 1 cm to 1.5 cm. The rinsing time is generally from March to April. When the soft pot has been filled with roots, the matrix is ​​uplifted, the long leaves are stopped, and the seedlings grow in the middle. Do not damage the root tip when planting. Basal fertilizer should be applied to the pelvic floor. Night temperature 18 °C to 20 °C, daily temperature 23 °C to 30 °C, light 40000 Lux to 50000 Lux, air humidity to maintain 80% to 90%. The amount of water to be poured should be determined according to the observation of the white root, so that the white root is full. When the basin was changed, 14 grams of basic fertilizer was applied first, topdressing rapeseed meal, bean cake and bone meal were mixed, and 18 grams were applied every month. After December, bone powder was applied alone, and if necessary, potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used to dilute 1000 times to increase the top dressing. From the beginning of the year to October, when buds are continuously sprouted, if one bulbous stem grows more than two buds at the same time, one strong bud can be left and the rest of the buds can be removed to concentrate the nutrient on the large bulb. In general, single bud growth is more effective than multiple buds, and flowering is more secure. The number of flowering stalks was determined from November to January of the following year. Large-sized species can cultivate one middle stem and two flowering stems. The middle species can cultivate two middle stems and three flowering stems. 6. Cultivation of flowering plants from March to May, night temperature 15°C to 20°C, daily temperature 23°C to 25°C. From June to October, the night temperature is 18°C ​​to 23°C and the daily temperature is 28°C to 30°C. The night temperature after November is 10°C to 15°C and the daily temperature is 20°C. The light is 40000 Lux and the mountain is 60 000 Lux. The shading is controlled at 40% and the air humidity is 80%. Water control according to season and planting material. From February to April, fertilize once a month, 10 grams per pot, 18 grams per pot after April. From mid-June to late-October, it is necessary to spend the summer at a height of about 1,000 meters above sea level to increase the temperature difference between day and night to promote flower bud formation. Immediately after the emergence of flower buds, fertilization was stopped. After the flower spikes are formed in November, they can be moved back to the garden management. Cultivation density is 6 pots per square meter frame. After the number of flower stems is determined, all recurring buds must be removed. Flower buds can be seen from September to the end of October. The flower buds grow from the base of the pseudo-stem in the year. Sometimes due to excessive nutrition, leaf buds grow. If left unchecked, flower buds will not grow. Therefore, it was immediately broken as soon as it was discovered. The front part of the flower bud is round, with a brush tip as a whole, and the tip of the leaf bud is a sharp triangular table. Using a wire with a diameter of 5 mm as a pillar, erection takes place when flower buds appear. The bud of orchid buds first appeared in June, accounting for about 2%. Due to the hot climate at this time, the temperature was as high as 35°C. Therefore, most flower buds could not withstand high temperatures and died. The most flower buds occurred from September to October, accounting for more than 80%. About 15% appeared after November, when the temperature was low, the flowering rate was particularly high. If management is started from the tissue culture seedlings, only about 20% of the flowers will bloom within 3 years under normal conditions, and about 60% will be flowering after 4 years, and the rest will only bloom after 4 years. After flowering of Cymbidium, sometimes there are 5 to 6 pots of pots, which are covered with pots, so they need to be sub-potted. Generally more than two plants per pot is better. If divided into single plants, it will affect the next year's flowering. When ramets are planted, grasp the bulbs of the ramets with the right and left hands, and level them equally. If you can't pull it open and twist it slightly in the opposite direction, you can separate it. The wounds were sterilized and planted after being slightly dry. The old stem with no leaves can be pulled out, and the wounds can be dried after being sterilized, and sprouting with water moss can still produce new shoots. Wait until the sprout grows to more than 10 cm to plant the pot.